Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

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with less energy

  • 1 a type of artificial lift (more oil , less energy) that uses a tower with a pulley at the top.

    Oil: MOLE

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > a type of artificial lift (more oil , less energy) that uses a tower with a pulley at the top.

  • 2 less

    less [les]
    moins de1, 7 1 moins2, 3 (a) de moins en moins5 encore moins6 moins que7 2 rien de moins8 (b) pas moins de9
    (compar of little) moins de;
    less money/time/bread moins d'argent/de temps/de pain;
    we have less time than we thought nous avons moins de temps que nous ne pensions;
    of less importance/value de moindre importance/valeur
    (compar of little) moins;
    a bit less un peu moins;
    the evening was less of a success than she had hoped la soirée était moins réussie qu'elle ne l'avait espéré;
    let's hope we see less of them in future espérons que nous les verrons moins souvent à l'avenir;
    less of your noise! faites moins de bruit!;
    familiar less of that!, less of it! ça suffit!
    they couldn't be less friendly if they tried il leur serait difficile d'être plus désagréables;
    she is less musical than her sister elle est moins musicienne que sa sœur;
    he was less amusing than I remembered il était moins drôle que dans mes souvenirs
    the blue dress costs less la robe bleue coûte moins cher;
    not a penny less pas un sou de moins;
    we saw his books less as literature than as propaganda nous considérions ses livres moins comme de la littérature que comme de la propagande;
    I don't think any (the) less of her or I think no less of her because of what happened ce qui s'est passé ne l'a pas fait baisser dans mon estime;
    we don't like her any the less for all her faults nous ne l'aimons pas moins à cause de ses défauts;
    the more I see of her the less I like her plus je la vois moins elle me plaît;
    the less you know the better moins tu en sais, mieux c'est;
    there's nothing I want less than to hurt him je ne veux surtout pas le blesser
    that's £300 less ten percent for store card holders ça fait 300 livres moins dix pour cent avec la carte du magasin;
    8 less 3 is 5 8 moins 3 ou 3 ôté de 8 égale 5
    de moins en moins;
    I seem to have less and less energy on dirait que j'ai de moins en moins d'énergie
    de moins en moins;
    less and less interesting de moins en moins intéressant;
    we found we had less and less to say to each other nous nous sommes rendu compte que nous avions de moins en moins de choses à nous dire;
    I see him less and less these days je le vois de moins en moins ces temps-ci
    encore moins;
    they don't own a fridge, much less a freezer ils n'ont pas de réfrigérateur, et encore moins de congélateur;
    he wouldn't even phone her, much less visit her il ne voulait même pas l'appeler, encore moins aller la voir;
    I hadn't really thought about it, much less talked to anyone else je n'y avais pas vraiment réfléchi, et j'en avais encore moins parlé à qui que ce soit
    (with numbers, measurements etc) moins de;
    it took me less than five minutes ça m'a pris moins de cinq minutes;
    you won't get another one like it for less than $1,000 vous n'en retrouverez pas un comme ça à moins de 1000 dollars;
    nothing less than a four-star hotel is good enough for them il leur faut au moins un quatre étoiles;
    in less than no time en un rien de temps, en moins de deux
    moins que;
    there was less than I expected il y en avait moins que je m'y attendais;
    he eats less than he used to il mange moins qu'avant;
    the weather was rather less than ideal le temps était vraiment loin d'être idéal;
    it would have been less than fair to have kept it from her ça aurait été vraiment injuste de le lui cacher
    (a) (in size, amount, degree)
    I expected no less from you je n'en attendais pas moins de vous;
    the news of his death came as no less of a shock for being expected on avait beau s'y attendre, la nouvelle de sa mort n'en fut pas moins un choc
    he won the Booker prize, no less! il a gagné le prix Booker, rien que ça!;
    she married a duke, no less! elle a épousé un duc, s'il vous plaît!;
    she had invited no less a person than the President himself elle avait invité rien moins que le président lui-même;
    the letter was signed by Vincent, no less! la lettre était signée de Vincent, s'il vous plaît!
    pas moins de;
    this wall is no less than a metre thick ce mur n'a pas moins d'un mètre d'épaisseur;
    taxes rose by no less than 15 percent les impôts ont augmenté de 15 pour cent, ni plus ni moins

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > less

  • 3 energy distribution board

    1. распределительное устройство

     

    распределительное устройство
    Распределительным устройством (РУ) называется электроустановка, служащая для приема и распределения электроэнергии и содержащая сборные и соединительные шины, коммутационные аппараты, вспомогательные устройства (компрессорные, аккумуляторные и др.), а также устройства защиты, автоматики и измерительные приборы.
    [РД 34.20.185-94]

    распределительное устройство

    Электроустановка, предназначенная для приема и распределения электрической энергии на одном напряжении и содержащая коммутационные аппараты и соединяющие их сборные шины [секции шин], устройства управления и защиты.
    Примечание. К устройствам управления относятся аппараты и связывающие их элементы обеспечивающие контроль, измерение, сигнализацию и выполнение команд.
    [ ГОСТ 24291-90]
    [ ГОСТ Р 53685-2009]

    электрическое распределительное устройство
    распределительное устройство
    Устройство, предназначенное для приема и распределения электроэнергии на одном напряжении и содержащее коммутационные аппараты и соединяющие их сборные соединительные устройства.
    Примечание. В состав распределительного устройства дополнительно могут входить устройства защиты и управления
    [ОСТ 45.55-99]

    распределительное устройство
    Электроустановка, служащая для приема и распределения электроэнергии и содержащая коммутационные аппараты, сборные и соединительные шины, вспомогательные устройства (компрессорные, аккумуляторные и др.), а также устройства защиты, автоматики и измерительные приборы.
    [ПОТ Р М-016-2001]
    [РД 153-34.0-03.150-00]

    устройство распределительное
    Совокупность аппаратов и приборов для приёма и распределения электроэнергии одного напряжения, вырабатываемой электростанцией или преобразуемой подстанцией
    [Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

    EN

    switching substation
    a substation which includes switchgear and usually busbars, but no power transformers
    [IEV number 605-01-02]

    FR

    poste de sectionnement
    poste de coupure

    poste comprenant des organes de manoeuvre et généralement des jeux de barres, à l'exclusion de transformateurs de puissance
    [IEV number 605-01-02]

    В качестве РУ 6—10 кВ используется сборка высокого напряжения с однополюсными разъединителями и вертикальным расположением фаз одного присоединения и одна камера КСО с выключателем нагрузки и предохранителями для подключения трансформатора. Для РУ 0,4 кВ применяются сборки низкого напряжения с предохранителями и вертикальным расположением фаз одного присоединения.
    На ПС применяются открытые (ОРУ), закрытые (ЗРУ) или комплектные (КРУ) распределительные устройства.

    [ http://energy-ua.com/elektricheskie-p/klassifikatsiya.html]


    КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ

    В общем случае ПС и РУ являются составной частью электроустановок, которые различаются:

    • по назначению:
      • генерирующие,
      • преобразовательно-распределительные,
      • потребительские.

        Генерирующие электроустановки служат для выработки электроэнергии, преобразовательно-распределительные электроустановки преобразуют электроэнергию в удобный для передачи и потребления вид, передают ее и распределяют между потребителями;

     Шкала номинальных напряжений ограничена сравнительно небольшим числом стандартных значений, благодаря чему изготавливается небольшое число типоразмеров машин и оборудования, а электросети выполняются более экономичными. В установках трехфазного тока номинальным напряжением принято считать напряжение между фазами (междуфазовое напряжение). Согласно ГОСТ 29322—92 установлена следующая шкала номинальных напряжений:

    для электросетей переменного тока частотой 50 Гц междуфазовое напряжение должно быть: 12, 24, 36, 42, 127, 220, 380 В; 3, 6, 10, 20, 35, 110, 150, 220, 330, 500, 750 и 1150 кВ;
    для электросетей постоянного тока: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 110, 220, 440, 660, 825, 3000 В и выше.

    Тупиковые ПС получают питание по одной или двум тупиковым ВЛ.

    Ответвительные ПС присоединяются ответвлением к одной или двум проходящим ВЛ с односторонним или двухсторонним питанием.

    Проходные ПС включаются в рассечку одной или двух проходящих ВЛ с односторонним или двухсторонним питанием.

    Узловые ПС кроме питающих имеют отходящие радиальные или транзитные ВЛ.

    • по способу управления ПС могут быть:
      • только с телесигнализацией,
      • телеуправляемыми с телесигнализацией,
      • с телесигнализацией и управлением с общеподстанционного пункта управления (ОПУ).


    Подстанции оперативно обслуживаются постоянным дежурным персоналом на щите управления, дежурными на дому или оперативно-выездными бригадами (ОВБ). Ремонт ПС осуществляется специализированными выездными бригадами централизованного ремонта или местным персоналом подстанции.

    В РУ напряжением до 1000 В провода, шины, аппараты, приборы и конструкции выбирают как по нормальным условиям работы (напряжению и току), так и по термическим и динамическим воздействиям токов коротких замыканий (КЗ) или предельно допустимой отключаемой мощности.

    В РУ и ПС напряжением выше 1000 В расстояния между электрооборудованием, аппаратами, токоведущими частями, изоляторами, ограждениями и конструкциями устанавливаются так, чтобы при нормальном режиме работы электроустановки возникающие физические явления (температура нагрева, электрическая дуга, выброс газов, искрение и др.) не могли привести к повреждению оборудования и КЗ.

    [ http://energy-ua.com/elektricheskie-p/klassifikatsiya.html]
     



    Several different classifications of switchgear can be made:

    A single line-up may incorporate several different types of devices, for example, air-insulated bus, vacuum circuit breakers, and manually operated switches may all exist in the same row of cubicles.

    Ratings, design, specifications and details of switchgear are set by a multitude of standards. In North America mostly IEEE and ANSI standards are used, much of the rest of the world uses IEC standards, sometimes with local national derivatives or variations.

    [Robert W. Smeaton (ed) Switchgear and Control Handbook 3rd Ed., Mc Graw Hill, new York 1997]
    [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_voltage_switchgear]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > energy distribution board

  • 4 a type of artificial lift that uses a tower with a pulley at the top.

    Oil: (more oil, less energy) MOLE

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > a type of artificial lift that uses a tower with a pulley at the top.

  • 5 quiētē

        quiētē adv. with comp. and sup.    [quietus], calmly, quietly, peacefully: acta aetas: quietius tranquilliusque bellare, with less energy, L.: quietissime se receperunt, Cs.
    * * *
    quietius, quietissime ADV
    quietly, peacefully, calmly, serenely

    Latin-English dictionary > quiētē

  • 6 модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

    1. modular data center

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.


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    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

  • 7 modular data center

    1. модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
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    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.


    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > modular data center

  • 8 consumir energía

    (v.) = consume + energy, take up + energy
    Ex. A square building with low velocity air conditioning would consume less energy than a rectangular building with no artificial ventilation.
    Ex. The new Statutes, which inevitably took up a lot of our energies, have delivered at least some of the objectives which the Working Party envisaged.
    * * *
    (v.) = consume + energy, take up + energy

    Ex: A square building with low velocity air conditioning would consume less energy than a rectangular building with no artificial ventilation.

    Ex: The new Statutes, which inevitably took up a lot of our energies, have delivered at least some of the objectives which the Working Party envisaged.

    Spanish-English dictionary > consumir energía

  • 9 velocidad

    f.
    1 speed (rapidity).
    ¿a qué velocidad van? (specialist term) what speed are they going at?, how fast are they going?
    lo tuvimos que hacer a toda velocidad we had to do it as fast as we could
    de alta velocidad high-speed
    con la velocidad de un rayo as quick as lightning
    velocidad de crucero cruising speed
    la velocidad de la luz the speed of light
    la velocidad del sonido the speed of sound
    cambiar de velocidad to change gear
    3 velocity, speed, quickness, speediness.
    * * *
    1 (rapidez) speed, velocity
    \
    a toda velocidad at full speed
    cobrar velocidad / ganar velocidad to gather speed
    con la velocidad del rayo figurado as quick as a flash
    de alta velocidad high-speed
    Europa de dos velocidades two-speed Europe
    velocidad de crucero cruising speed
    velocidad de la luz speed of light
    velocidad máxima speed limit
    * * *
    noun f.
    speed, velocity
    * * *
    SF
    1) (gen) speed; (Téc) velocity; (fig) swiftness, speediness

    a máxima o toda velocidad — at full speed, at top speed

    ¿a qué velocidad? — how fast?, at what speed?

    ¿a qué velocidad ibas? — what speed were you doing?

    cobrar velocidadto pick up o gather speed

    disminuir o moderar la velocidad, perder velocidad — to slow down

    exceder la velocidad permitida — to speed, exceed the speed limit

    velocidad de obturación, velocidad de obturador — shutter speed

    velocidad máxima — maximum speed, top speed

    velocidad máxima de impresión — (Inform) maximum print speed

    velocidad punta — maximum speed, top speed

    2) (Mec) gear, speed

    primera velocidad, velocidad corta — low gear, bottom gear, first gear

    segunda/tercera/cuarta velocidad — second/third/top gear

    * * *
    1)
    a) (medida, relación) speed

    ¿a qué velocidad iba? — how fast was he going?

    cobrar velocidadto pick up o gather speed

    a toda/gran velocidad — at top/high speed

    b) ( rapidez) speed
    2) (Auto, Mec) gear
    * * *
    = rate, speed, velocity, speed setting, momentum.
    Ex. Whether, in the future, the co-operatives will be able to fund appropriate developments at a sufficiently rapid rate remains an unanswered question.
    Ex. A leased line connection is useful for heavy users, since it offers higher speeds of transmission.
    Ex. A square building with low velocity air conditioning would consume less energy than a rectangular building with no artificial ventilation.
    Ex. A special rheostat control box allows infinitely variable speed settings.
    Ex. They were splendid starters of projects but like so many bibliographers poor sustainers of momentum.
    ----
    * a gran velocidad = at great speed.
    * a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.
    * a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.
    * a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.
    * alta velocidad = high-rate.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * aumentar la velocidad = grow + faster.
    * a una velocidad de = at a rate of.
    * a una velocidad desorbitante = at a rate of knots.
    * a una velocidad vertiginosa = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates.
    * a un velocidad + Adjetivo = at a + Adjetivo + rate.
    * a velocidad estelar = at warp speed.
    * cambiar de velocidad = gear.
    * cambiar velocidades = gear.
    * cambio brusco de velocidad del viento = wind shear.
    * cobrar velocidad = gather + momentum, gather + pace.
    * confundir la velocidad con el tocino = one thing + have + nothing to do with the other.
    * correr a toda velocidad = sprint.
    * de alta velocidad = high-speed.
    * disminuir la velocidad = slow up.
    * exceso de velocidad = speeding.
    * ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.
    * límite de velocidad = speed limit.
    * moderar la velocidad = slow down.
    * multa por exceso de velocidad = speeding ticket, speed ticket.
    * pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.
    * persecución en coche a alta velocidad = high-speed chase.
    * velocidad angular constante (VAC) = constant angular velocity (CAV).
    * velocidad controlada por radar = radar-controlled speed.
    * velocidad de arranque = getaway speed.
    * velocidad de búsqueda = search speed.
    * velocidad de flujo = rate of flow.
    * velocidad de funcionamiento = speed of operation.
    * velocidad de la luz, la = speed of light, the.
    * velocidad del rayo, la = speed of lightning, the.
    * velocidad del sonido, la = speed of sound, the.
    * velocidad del viento = wind velocity.
    * velocidad de reproducción = playing speed.
    * velocidad lineal constante (VLC) = constant linear velocity (CLV).
    * velocidad máxima = speed limit.
    * velocidad máxima permitida = speed limit.
    * velocidad permitida = speed limit.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (medida, relación) speed

    ¿a qué velocidad iba? — how fast was he going?

    cobrar velocidadto pick up o gather speed

    a toda/gran velocidad — at top/high speed

    b) ( rapidez) speed
    2) (Auto, Mec) gear
    * * *
    = rate, speed, velocity, speed setting, momentum.

    Ex: Whether, in the future, the co-operatives will be able to fund appropriate developments at a sufficiently rapid rate remains an unanswered question.

    Ex: A leased line connection is useful for heavy users, since it offers higher speeds of transmission.
    Ex: A square building with low velocity air conditioning would consume less energy than a rectangular building with no artificial ventilation.
    Ex: A special rheostat control box allows infinitely variable speed settings.
    Ex: They were splendid starters of projects but like so many bibliographers poor sustainers of momentum.
    * a gran velocidad = at great speed.
    * a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.
    * a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.
    * a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.
    * alta velocidad = high-rate.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * aumentar la velocidad = grow + faster.
    * a una velocidad de = at a rate of.
    * a una velocidad desorbitante = at a rate of knots.
    * a una velocidad vertiginosa = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates.
    * a un velocidad + Adjetivo = at a + Adjetivo + rate.
    * a velocidad estelar = at warp speed.
    * cambiar de velocidad = gear.
    * cambiar velocidades = gear.
    * cambio brusco de velocidad del viento = wind shear.
    * cobrar velocidad = gather + momentum, gather + pace.
    * confundir la velocidad con el tocino = one thing + have + nothing to do with the other.
    * correr a toda velocidad = sprint.
    * de alta velocidad = high-speed.
    * disminuir la velocidad = slow up.
    * exceso de velocidad = speeding.
    * ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.
    * límite de velocidad = speed limit.
    * moderar la velocidad = slow down.
    * multa por exceso de velocidad = speeding ticket, speed ticket.
    * pasar a toda velocidad = whiz.
    * persecución en coche a alta velocidad = high-speed chase.
    * velocidad angular constante (VAC) = constant angular velocity (CAV).
    * velocidad controlada por radar = radar-controlled speed.
    * velocidad de arranque = getaway speed.
    * velocidad de búsqueda = search speed.
    * velocidad de flujo = rate of flow.
    * velocidad de funcionamiento = speed of operation.
    * velocidad de la luz, la = speed of light, the.
    * velocidad del rayo, la = speed of lightning, the.
    * velocidad del sonido, la = speed of sound, the.
    * velocidad del viento = wind velocity.
    * velocidad de reproducción = playing speed.
    * velocidad lineal constante (VLC) = constant linear velocity (CLV).
    * velocidad máxima = speed limit.
    * velocidad máxima permitida = speed limit.
    * velocidad permitida = speed limit.

    * * *
    A
    1 (medida, relación) speed
    ¿a qué velocidad iba? how fast was he going?, what speed was he traveling at o ( colloq) was he doing?
    disminuye la velocidad slow down, reduce your speed
    la velocidad de la luz/del sonido the speed of light/sound
    la velocidad del viento the wind speed
    los trenes pasan a toda/gran velocidad the trains go by at top speed/high speed
    de alta velocidad high-speed
    perder velocidad to lose speed, to slow down
    iba cobrando velocidad it was picking up speed, it was speeding up, it was gathering speed o momentum
    un cuerpo con una velocidad de 150 km/s ( Fís) an object with a velocity of 150 km/s, an object traveling at 150 km/s
    2 (rapidez) speed
    la velocidad con que lo hizo the speed with which he did it
    confundir la velocidad con el tocino ( fam hum); to mix up o confuse two completely different things
    Compuestos:
    rate of climb
    cruising speed
    escape velocity
    rate of flow
    escape velocity
    shutter speed
    rate of climb
    maximum o top speed
    operating speed
    maximum o top speed
    terminal velocity
    B ( Auto, Mec) (marcha, cambio) gear
    el modelo de cinco velocidades the five-gear model, the model with a five-speed gearbox
    cambiar de velocidad to change gear
    en primera velocidad in first gear, in first
    * * *

     

    velocidad sustantivo femenino
    1 ( en general) speed;
    cobrar velocidad to pick up o gather speed;

    ¿a qué velocidad iba? how fast was he going?;
    disminuir la velocidad to slow down;
    a toda velocidad at top speed;
    la velocidad con que lo hizo the speed with which he did it
    2 (Auto, Mec) gear;

    velocidad sustantivo femenino
    1 (rapidez, prontitud) speed: no puedo escribir a esa velocidad, I can't write so quickly
    2 (de un coche, avión, ordenador, etc) speed
    Inform velocidad de transmisión, bit rate
    3 Fís velocity
    4 Auto (marcha) gear
    ' velocidad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    AVE
    - cambiar
    - circular
    - coger
    - cuentakilómetros
    - embalarse
    - imprimir
    - indicador
    - indicadora
    - ligereza
    - marcha
    - moderar
    - nudo
    - obturación
    - punta
    - taquímetro
    - tren
    - vértigo
    - agarrar
    - aproximado
    - aumentar
    - disminuir
    - endiablado
    - exceso
    - grande
    - límite
    - máximo
    - media
    - medir
    - paso
    - patinaje
    - rebasar
    - reducir
    - regular
    - ritmo
    - sobrepasar
    - todo
    - tomar
    - tremendo
    - uniforme
    - vertiginoso
    English:
    Arabian
    - at
    - bend
    - blitz
    - breakneck
    - burst
    - career
    - caution
    - cruise
    - cruise speed
    - dangerously
    - decrease
    - do
    - drop
    - even
    - exceed
    - fast
    - fourth
    - full
    - gain
    - gather
    - gear
    - high
    - high-speed
    - insane
    - knot
    - low
    - lower
    - momentum
    - pace
    - pelt
    - pull over
    - rate
    - reduce
    - slacken
    - slow
    - speed
    - speed along
    - speed restriction
    - speed-skating
    - speeding
    - spin
    - steady
    - tear along
    - top
    - uniform
    - velocity
    - zoom
    - compare
    - decelerate
    * * *
    1. [rapidez] speed, Espec velocity;
    íbamos a gran velocidad we were going very fast;
    ¿a qué velocidad van? what speed are they going at?, how fast are they going?;
    a toda velocidad [en vehículo] at full speed;
    lo tuvimos que hacer a toda velocidad we had to do it as fast as we could;
    de alta velocidad high-speed;
    a la velocidad del rayo as quick as lightning;
    reducir la velocidad to slow down
    velocidad de crucero cruising speed; Fís velocidad límite terminal velocity;
    la velocidad de la luz the speed of light;
    velocidad máxima top speed;
    Informát velocidad de proceso processing speed;
    velocidad punta top speed;
    la velocidad del sonido the speed of sound;
    velocidad supersónica supersonic speed;
    Fís velocidad terminal terminal velocity; Informát velocidad de transferencia transfer rate; Informát velocidad de transmisión [en módem] baud rate;
    2. Aut [marcha] gear;
    cambiar de velocidad to change gear
    * * *
    f
    1 speed;
    a gran velocidad at high speed;
    ir a toda velocidad go at full speed;
    ganar velocidad pick up speed, gain momentum
    2 ( marcha) gear
    * * *
    1) : speed, velocity
    velocidad máxima: speed limit
    2) marcha: gear (of an automobile)
    * * *
    1. (rapidez) speed
    2. (marcha) gear

    Spanish-English dictionary > velocidad

  • 10 cuadrado

    adj.
    square, squared.
    m.
    square.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: cuadrar.
    * * *
    1 square
    ————————
    1→ link=cuadrar cuadrar
    1 (forma) square
    2 familiar (persona) broad, stocky
    3 figurado (mente) rigid, one-track
    1 square
    \
    tenerlos cuadrados tabú to have balls
    * * *
    cuadrado, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) (Mat) square
    2) [objeto, superficie] square
    3) (=corpulento)

    estar cuadrado — to be well-built, be hefty *

    4) Caribe, Cono Sur (=grosero) coarse, rude
    5) And (=elegante) graceful, elegant
    6) LAm
    * (=poco flexible)
    7) Arg, Uru * (=poco inteligente) dense, stupid
    8) Chile, Ven
    *
    2.
    SM / F (=persona poco inteligente) idiot
    3. SM
    1) (Mat, Geom) square

    cinco (elevado) al cuadrado — five square(d), the square of five

    2) (=regla) ruler, parallel ruler
    3) (Téc) die
    4) (Cos) gusset
    5) (Tip) quad, quadrat
    6) Caribe, Cono Sur * (=persona) boor, oaf
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1)
    a) ( de forma) square
    b) (Mat) <metro/centímetro> square (before n)
    2) [estar] (fam) ( fornido) well-built, big, hefty (colloq)
    3) [ser] (AmL) ( cerrado de mente) (fam) inflexible
    II
    masculino square
    * * *
    = square, square-shaped.
    Ex. A square building with low velocity air conditioning would consume less energy than a rectangular building with no artificial ventilation.
    Ex. Pizza pies typically have round configuration, although square- and rectangular- shaped pizzas have had some recent acceptance.
    ----
    * al chi cuadrado = chi-squared.
    * chi cuadrado = chi-square.
    * chorradas al cuadrado = nonsense on stilts.
    * en forma de cuadrado = square-shaped.
    * estupideces al cuadrado = nonsense on stilts.
    * ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.
    * más o menos cuadrado = squarish.
    * metro cuadrado (m²) = square metre (sq. m.).
    * milímetro cuadrado = millimeter square.
    * milla cuadrada = square mile.
    * pie cuadrado = square foot (sq. ft.).
    * raíz cuadrada = square root.
    * test chi cuadrado = chi square test.
    * tonterías al cuadrado = nonsense on stilts.
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1)
    a) ( de forma) square
    b) (Mat) <metro/centímetro> square (before n)
    2) [estar] (fam) ( fornido) well-built, big, hefty (colloq)
    3) [ser] (AmL) ( cerrado de mente) (fam) inflexible
    II
    masculino square
    * * *
    = square, square-shaped.

    Ex: A square building with low velocity air conditioning would consume less energy than a rectangular building with no artificial ventilation.

    Ex: Pizza pies typically have round configuration, although square- and rectangular- shaped pizzas have had some recent acceptance.
    * al chi cuadrado = chi-squared.
    * chi cuadrado = chi-square.
    * chorradas al cuadrado = nonsense on stilts.
    * en forma de cuadrado = square-shaped.
    * estupideces al cuadrado = nonsense on stilts.
    * ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.
    * más o menos cuadrado = squarish.
    * metro cuadrado (m²) = square metre (sq. m.).
    * milímetro cuadrado = millimeter square.
    * milla cuadrada = square mile.
    * pie cuadrado = square foot (sq. ft.).
    * raíz cuadrada = square root.
    * test chi cuadrado = chi square test.
    * tonterías al cuadrado = nonsense on stilts.

    * * *
    cuadrado1 -da
    A
    1 (de forma) square
    2 ( Mat) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ‹metro/centímetro› square ( before n)
    22 metros cuadrados/kilómetros cuadrados 22 square meters/square kilometers
    B
    1 [ ESTAR] ( fam) (fornido) well-built, big, hefty ( colloq)
    2 [ ESTAR] ( fam) (gordo) fat
    C
    1 [ SER] ( AmL) (cerrado de mente) ( fam); inflexible, rigid
    2 [ SER] ( RPl) (torpe) dense ( colloq), thick ( colloq)
    1 (figura) square
    25 elevado al cuadrado 25 squared, the square of 25
    Compuesto:
    magic square
    * * *

     

    Del verbo cuadrar: ( conjugate cuadrar)

    cuadrado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    cuadrado    
    cuadrar
    cuadrado 1
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    1

    b) (Mat) ‹metro/centímetro square ( before n);

    2 m2 cuadrados (read as: dos metros cuadrados) m2 (léase: two square meters)
    2 [estar] (fam) ( fornido) well-built, big, hefty (colloq)
    3 [ser] (AmL fam) ( cerrado de mente) inflexible
    cuadrado 2 sustantivo masculino
    square;

    cuadrar ( conjugate cuadrar) verbo intransitivo

    b) [declaraciones/testimonias] to tally;

    cuadrado con algo to fit in with sth, tally with sth
    c) (Ven) ( para una cita) cuadrado con algn to arrange to meet sb;

    cuadrado para hacer algo to arrange to do sth
    cuadrarse verbo pronominal

    b) [caballo/toro] to stand stock-still

    c) (Col, Ven fam) ( estacionarse) to park

    cuadrado,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 Geom square
    dos metros cuadrados, two square metres
    2 (musculoso, fornido) muscled, hefty, stocky: ¡está cuadrado!, he's hefty!
    3 figurado (mente) rigid
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 Geom square
    2 Mat square
    elevar al cuadrado, to square
    cuadrar
    I verbo intransitivo
    1 (coincidir) to square, agree [con, with]
    2 (las cuentas) to balance, tally
    II verbo transitivo to balance
    ' cuadrado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cuadrada
    - elevar
    - metro
    - almohadón
    - cuadro
    English:
    square
    - the
    * * *
    cuadrado, -a
    adj
    1. [figura] square
    2. Mat square;
    metro/kilómetro cuadrado square metre/kilometre
    3. Fam [musculoso] muscly;
    estar cuadrado to be muscly
    4. Am [estricto, cerrado] narrow-minded
    5. Am [torpe] thick, dumb
    nm
    1. [figura] square
    2. Mat square;
    * * *
    I adj square;
    cabeza cuadrada fam bigot
    II m square;
    al cuadrado MAT squared;
    * * *
    cuadrado, -da adj
    : square
    : square
    elevar al cuadrado: to square (a number)
    * * *
    cuadrado1 adj square
    cuadrado2 n square

    Spanish-English dictionary > cuadrado

  • 11 permettre

    permettre [pεʀmεtʀ]
    ➭ TABLE 56
    1. transitive verb
       a. to allow
    est-il permis d'être aussi bête ! how can anyone be so stupid!
       b. (sollicitation) vous permettez ? may I?
    vous permettez que je fume ? do you mind if I smoke?
    2. reflexive verb
       a. ( = s'offrir) to allow o.s.
       b. ( = risquer) [+ grossièreté, plaisanterie] to dare to make
    je me permettrai de vous faire remarquer que... I'd like to point out (to you) that...
    je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de... (formule épistolaire) I am writing to you in connection with...
    * * *
    pɛʀmɛtʀ
    1.

    ça, permettez-moi d'en douter — I'm sorry, I have my doubts about that

    c'est pas permis (colloq) d'être aussi hypocrite! — how can anyone be such a hypocrite?

    il est menteur comme c'est pas permis — (colloq) he's an incredible liar

    permettre à quelqu'un de faire quelque choseto allow ou enable somebody to do something


    2.
    se permettre verbe pronominal

    ‘je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de...’ — ‘I'm writing to you about...’

    * * *
    pɛʀmɛtʀ vt
    1) (= autoriser) to allow

    Sa mère lui permet de sortir le soir. — His mother allows him to go out at night.

    2) ADMINISTRATION, [loi, règlement, officiel] to permit

    J'ajouterai une dernière remarque si vous me le permettez. — I would like to add one last comment, if I may.

    4) (= rendre possible) to permit

    Nous pensons pique-niquer si le temps le permet. — We're planning to have a picnic if the weather permits.

    * * *
    permettre verb table: mettre
    A vtr
    1 ( donner l'autorisation) to allow; je ne le permettrai pas I won't allow it; je ne permets pas qu'on dise du mal d'elle I won't hear a word against her; permettre à qn de faire qch to allow sb to do sth, to give sb permission to do sth; il nous a permis de sortir ce soir he allowed us ou gave us permission to go out tonight; est-ce que vous savez s'il est permis de fumer/prendre des photos ici? do you know if smoking is allowed here?/if you're allowed to take photos here?; permettez-moi de vous accompagner allow me to accompany you; permets-moi de te dire que let me tell you that; permettez-moi d'ajouter que I would like to add that; vous permettez que j'ouvre la fenêtre/que je fume? do you mind if I open the window/if I smoke?; (vous) permettez! j'étais là avant!/je n'ai pas dit cela! excuse me! I was here first!/I didn't say that!; ça, permettez-moi d'en douter I'm sorry, I have my doubts about that; c'est pas permis d'être aussi pingre/hypocrite! how can anyone be so stingy/such a hypocrite?; il est pingre/menteur comme c'est pas permis he's incredibly stingy/an incredible liar; il est permis de se poser des questions one is entitled to wonder; tous les espoirs sont permis there is every hope of success;
    2 ( donner les moyens) des mesures pour permettre une reprise rapide de l'économie/la création de nouveaux emplois measures to ensure rapid economic recovery/the creation of new jobs; ça permet une meilleure tenue de route it ensures ou makes for better roadholding; si le temps le permet weather permitting; dès que les circonstances le permettront as soon as circumstances allow ou permit; je viendrai si mon emploi du temps (me) le permet I'll come if my schedule allows ou permits; ce procédé permet de consommer moins d'énergie this system makes it possible to use less energy; permettre à qn de faire to allow ou enable sb to do, to give sb the opportunity to do; ça m'a permis de travailler plus longtemps/d'économiser it allowed ou enabled me ou gave me the opportunity to work longer/to save money; un accord qui devrait permettre à la France d'exporter davantage an agreement that should enable ou allow France to export more; leurs moyens ne le leur permettent pas they can't afford it; ma santé ne me permet pas de faire du sport my health prevents me from doing any sport; autant qu'il est permis d'en juger as far as one can tell.
    B se permettre vpr je peux me permettre ce genre de plaisanterie avec lui I can get away with telling him that kind of joke; il se permet bien des choses or bien des familiarités avec elle he takes a lot of liberties with her; puis-je me permettre une remarque? might I say something?; se permettre de faire to take the liberty of doing; il s'est permis d'entrer sans frapper/d'utiliser mon ordinateur he took the liberty of coming in without knocking/of using my computer; je me suis permis de lui faire la remarque/de lui dire ce que je pensais I ventured to point it out to him/to tell him what I thought, I took the liberty of pointing it out to him/of telling him what I thought; tu ne peux pas te permettre d'être en retard à ton rendez-vous you can't afford to be late for your appointment; je ne peux pas me permettre d'acheter une nouvelle voiture I can't afford to buy a new car; puis-je me permettre de vous offrir un verre? would you care for a drink?; puis-je me permettre de vous raccompagner? fml might I be allowed to escort you home?; ‘je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de…’ ‘I'm writing to you about…’.
    [pɛrmɛtr] verbe transitif
    1. [suj: personne] to allow
    permettre à quelqu'un de faire quelque chose, permettre que quelqu'un fasse quelque chose to allow somebody to do something, to let somebody do something
    le train à grande vitesse permettra d'y aller en moins de deux heures the high-speed train will make it possible to get there in under two hours
    ce document permet d'entrer dans le secteur turc this document enables ou entitles you to enter the Turkish sector
    si le temps/sa santé le permet weather/(his) health permitting
    il n'est pas/il est permis de boire de l'alcool drinking is not/is allowed ou permitted
    elle est belle/insolente comme c'est pas permis she's outrageously beautiful/cheeky
    un tel mauvais goût, ça devrait pas être ou c'est pas permis there should be a law against such bad taste
    3. [dans des formules de politesse]
    il reste un sandwich, vous permettez? may I have the last sandwich?
    si vous me permettez l'expression if I may be allowed to say so, if you don't mind my saying
    tu n'es pas sincère non plus, permets-moi de te le dire and you're not being honest either, let me tell you
    non, mais tu permets que j'en place une? (familier) I'd like to get a word in, if you don't mind
    ah permettez, j'étais là avant vous! do you mind, I was there before you!
    ————————
    se permettre verbe pronominal transitif
    1. [s'accorder] to allow ou to permit oneself
    2. [oser] to dare
    des critiques, oh mais je ne me permettrais pas! (ironique) criticize? I wouldn't dare!
    si je peux me permettre, je ne pense pas que ce soit une bonne idée if you don't mind my saying so, I don't think it's a very good idea
    3. [pouvoir payer] to (be able to) afford
    ————————
    se permettre de verbe pronominal plus préposition
    puis-je me permettre de vous rappeler mon nom/nos accords signés? may I remind you of my name/our binding agreements?

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > permettre

  • 12 Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1 September 1865 Ouillins, Rhône, France
    d. 25 November 1945 Paris, France
    [br]
    French metallurgist, originator of the Charpy pendulum impact method of testing metals.
    [br]
    After graduating in chemistry from the Ecole Polytechnique in 1887, Charpy continued to work there on the physical chemistry of solutions for his doctorate. He joined the Laboratoire d'Artillerie de la Marine in 1892 and began to study the structure and mechanical properties of various steels in relation to their previous heat treatment. His first memoir, on the mechanical properties of steels quenched from various temperatures, was published in 1892 on the advice of Henri Le Chatelier. He joined the Compagnie de Chatillon Commentry Fourchamboult et Decazeville at their steelworks in Imphy in 1898, shortly after the discovery of Invar by G.E. Guillaume. Most of the alloys required for this investigation had been prepared at Imphy, and their laboratories were therefore well equipped with sensitive and refined dilatometric facilities. Charpy and his colleague L.Grenet utilized this technique in many of their earlier investigations, which were largely concerned with the transformation points of steel. He began to study the magnetic characteristics of silicon steels in 1902, shortly after their use as transformer laminations had first been proposed by Hadfield and his colleagues in 1900. Charpy was the first to show that the magnetic hysteresis of these alloys decreased rapidly as their grain size increased.
    The first details of Charpy's pendulum impact testing machine were published in 1901, about two years before Izod read his paper to the British Association. As with Izod's machine, the energy of fracture was measured by the retardation of the pendulum. Charpy's test pieces, however, unlike those of Izod, were in the form of centrally notched beams, freely supported at each end against rigid anvils. This arrangement, it was believed, transmitted less energy to the frame of the machine and allowed the energy of fracture to be more accurately measured. In practice, however, the blow of the pendulum in the Charpy test caused visible distortion in the specimen as a whole. Both tests were still widely used in the 1990s.
    In 1920 Charpy left Imphy to become Director-General of the Compagnie des Aciéries de la Marine et Homecourt. After his election to the Académie des Sciences in 1918, he came to be associated with Floris Osmond and Henri Le Chatelier as one of the founders of the "French School of Physical Metallurgy". Around the turn of the century he had contributed much to the development of the metallurgical microscope and had helped to introduce the Chatelier thermocouple into the laboratory and to industry. He also popularized the use of platinum-wound resistance furnaces for laboratory purposes. After 1920 his industrial responsibilities increased greatly, although he continued to devote much of his time to teaching at the Ecole Supérieure des Mines in Paris, and at the Ecole Polytechnique. His first book, Leçons de Chimie (1892, Paris), was written at the beginning of his career, in association with H.Gautier. His last, Notions élémentaires de sidérurgie (1946, Paris), with P.Pingault as co-author, was published posthumously.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Charpy published important metallurgical papers in Comptes rendus… Académie des Sciences, Paris.
    Further Reading
    R.Barthélémy, 1947, "Notice sur la vie et l'oeuvre de Georges Charpy", Notices et discours, Académie des Sciences, Paris (June).
    M.Caullery, 1945, "Annonce du décès de M.G. Charpy" Comptes rendus Académie des Sciences, Paris 221:677.
    P.G.Bastien, 1963, "Microscopic metallurgy in France prior to 1920", Sorby Centennial Symposium on the History of Metallurgy, AIME Metallurgical Society Conference Vol.27, pp. 171–88.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert

  • 13 SSE

    1) Медицина: standard error of estimate
    5) Математика: Sum Of Squares For Error
    6) Статистика: сумма квадратов ошибки (сокр. от "sum squared error")
    8) Грубое выражение: Same Shit Everyone
    9) Горное дело: site sensitized emulsion
    10) Сокращение: Simulation Support Environment, Singapore Shipbuilding & Engineering Ltd, South-SouthEast, Submarine Signal Ejector, south-south-east
    12) Электроника: Sum squared error
    13) Вычислительная техника: Simple Screen Editor, Software Support Engineer, Streaming SIMD Extentions (Intel, Pentium, SIMD), streaming SIMD extensions
    14) Нефть: специальное оборудование для текущего ремонта (special support equipment), техническое обеспечение безопасности системы (system safety engineering)
    16) Фирменный знак: Scottish and Southern Energy plc, Seed Savers Exchange
    19) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Safe shutdown earthquake, максимальное расчётное землетрясение (Safe Shutdown Event)
    20) Нефтегазовая техника Short Service Employee Временно нанимаемый работник
    21) Нефтепромысловый: работник подрядчика с малым стажем (Shell defines Short Service Employee as "Contractor Personnel with less than 6 months in the same job type or less than six months with their present employer".)
    23) Инвестиции: Sydney Stock Exchange
    24) Сетевые технологии: Streaming Simd Extension
    25) Сахалин Р: Safe Shutdown Event
    26) Химическое оружие: source selection evaluation
    28) Программное обеспечение: Single Stepping Engine, Spatial Services Engine

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SSE

  • 14 расход энергии

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > расход энергии

  • 15 de

    prep.
    1 of.
    el coche de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car
    es de ella it's hers
    la pata de la mesa the table leg
    La casa de mi padre The house of my father [My father's house]
    2 from (procedencia, distancia).
    salir de casa to leave home
    soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao
    de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 meters from the beach to the apartment
    3 (made) of (materia).
    un vaso de plástico a plastic cup
    un reloj de oro a gold watch
    4 about (asunto).
    hablábamos de ti we were talking about you
    libros de historia history books
    5 as.
    trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman
    trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five
    de madrugada early in the morning
    a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon
    trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day
    7 with (causa, modo).
    morirse de hambre to die of hunger
    llorar de alegría to cry with joy
    de una patada with a kick
    de una sola vez in one go
    de tres en tres three at a time
    8 if.
    de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday
    de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it
    9 to.
    Está ansiosa de obtener ese trabajo She is anxious to have that job.
    f.
    1 letter d.
    2 SD, standard deviation.
    3 ED, dose of erythema, erythema dose.
    * * *
    de
    ————————
    de
    1 (posesión, pertenencia) of
    2 (procedencia, origen) from
    la niña de ojos castaños the girl with dark eyes, the dark-eyed girl
    4 (tema) of, on, about
    5 (materia) made of, of
    7 (uso) for
    8 (oficio) by, as
    9 (modo) on, in, as
    10 (tiempo) at, by, in
    de día by day, during the day
    12 (precio) at
    13 (medida) measuring
    14 (causa) with, because of, of
    15 (agente) by
    * * *
    prep.
    1) of
    2) from
    3) in, at
    4) than
    5) by
    * * *
    PREPOSITION
    1) [relación] of

    la carretera de Valencia — the Valencia road, the road to Valencia

    2) [pertenencia]

    la señora de Pérez — Pérez's wife, Mrs Pérez

    3) [característica, material]

    este modelo es de electricidad — this model uses electricity, this is an electric model

    4) [contenido]

    una copa de vino[llena] a glass of wine; [vacía] a wine glass

    5) [origen, distancia, espacio temporal] from

    los de Madrid son los mejores — the ones from Madrid are the best, the Madrid ones are the best

    de... a...
    6) [causa]
    7) [manera]
    de... en...
    8) (=respecto de)

    estar mejor de salud — to be in better health, be better

    9) [tema] about

    un libro de biología — a biology book, a book on o about biology

    10) [uso]
    11) [cantidad, medida, valor]
    12) [con horas y fechas]

    a las siete de la mañana — at seven o'clock in the morning, at seven a.m.

    son las dos de la tarde — it's two o'clock in the afternoon, it's two p.m.

    el 3 de mayo3 May ( leído May the third {o}2} the third of May)

    13) [tiempo]
    14) [proporción]
    15) [uso partitivo] of

    ¡había una de gente! — * there were loads of people there! *

    16) [autoría] by

    un libro de Cela — a book by Cela, a book of Cela's

    17) [como complemento agente] by

    el rey entró seguido de su séquito — the king entered, followed by his entourage

    18) [en aposición a sustantivos o adjetivos]

    el bueno/pobre de Pedro — good/poor old Pedro

    19) [en comparaciones] than

    más/menos de siete — more/less than seven

    más de 500 personasmore than o over 500 people

    20) [con superlativos] in

    el más caro de la tienda/mundo — the most expensive in the shop/world

    21) + infin
    ser de ({+ infin}8})
    22) [dependiente de formas verbales]

    de esto se deduce que... — from this it can be deduced that...

    ¿qué esperabas de él? — what did you expect from him?

    23) [uso condicional] if

    de haberlo sabido no habría venido — if I had known, I wouldn't have come

    de no ser así — if it were not so, were it not so

    de no LAm (=si no) otherwise

    * * *
    I
    1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

    la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

    no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

    su padre de usted — (frml) your father

    es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

    2)
    [de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

    Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

    los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

    las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

    ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

    3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

    es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

    de... a... — from... to...

    4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

    una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

    5) (expresando causa, modo)

    de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

    de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

    6)
    a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

    ¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

    la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

    de niñoas a o when he was a child

    7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

    ¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

    8)
    a) (al definir, especificar)

    ¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

    es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

    ¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

    lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

    qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

    10)

    pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

    cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

    un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

    12) ( en calidad de) as
    13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

    estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

    a)

    de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

    b)

    ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

    es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

    II
    * * *
    = across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.
    Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.
    Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.
    Ex. These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.
    Ex. Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.
    Ex. However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.
    Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.
    Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.
    ----
    * abogado de oficio = legal aid.
    * actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.
    * alabanza de boquilla = lip service.
    * alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.
    * autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].
    * cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.
    * comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.
    * de... a = through.
    * de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.
    * de abolengo = well-born.
    * de abordo = in-flight.
    * de absorción = absorptive.
    * de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.
    * de acceso público = publicly accessible.
    * de acceso rápido = fast-access.
    * de acceso restringido = closed access.
    * de acción = action-centered.
    * de acompañante = in tow.
    * de actitud = attitudinal.
    * de actuación = for action.
    * de actualidad = topical.
    * de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.
    * de acuerdo a = according to.
    * de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.
    * de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.
    * de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.
    * de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.
    * de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.
    * de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.
    * de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.
    * de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.
    * de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.
    * de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.
    * de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * de adaptación = adaptive.
    * de †frica = African.
    * de Africa occidental = West African.
    * de agua = water-based.
    * de aguas profundas = deep-sea.
    * de ahí = therefrom.
    * de ahí que = hence.
    * de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.
    * de Alaska = Alaskan.
    * de Albania = Albanian.
    * de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * de alcohol = spirit-based.
    * de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.
    * de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.
    * de alguna otra forma = in any other way.
    * de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.
    * de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.
    * de algún modo u otro = of some sort.
    * de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.
    * de algún tipo = of some description.
    * de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.
    * de alta alcurnia = well-born.
    * de alta cuna = well-born.
    * de alta densidad = high-density.
    * de alta energía = high energy.
    * de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.
    * de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.
    * de alta potencia = high power.
    * de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.
    * de alta productividad = high-performance.
    * de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.
    * de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.
    * de alta tensión = heavy-current.
    * de alta velocidad = high-speed.
    * de alto abolengo = well-born.
    * de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.
    * de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.
    * de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.
    * de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.
    * de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.
    * de alto voltaje = high-voltage.
    * de altura = high, top-notch.
    * de altura regulable = height-adjustable.
    * de aluvión = alluvial.
    * de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].
    * de amplio alcance = broad in scope.
    * de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.
    * de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.
    * de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].
    * de antigua generación = low-end.
    * de antiguo = from time immemorial.
    * de apariencia = cosmetic.
    * de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.
    * de aplicación específica = special-purpose.
    * de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.
    * de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.
    * de apoyo = enabling, supportive.
    * de aprovechamiento = exploitative.
    * de aquel entonces = of that day.
    * de aquí para allá = back and forth.
    * de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.
    * de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.
    * de archivo = archival, archive.
    * de armas tomar = redoubtable.
    * de arranque = bootable.
    * de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.
    * de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.
    * de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.
    * de asesoramiento = consultative.
    * de aspecto = looking.
    * de aspecto antiguo = old-face.
    * de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.
    * de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.
    * de aspecto digno = dignified.
    * de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.
    * de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.
    * de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.
    * de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.
    * de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.
    * de aspecto solemne = dignified.
    * de atención básica = preattentive.
    * de atención primaria = preattentive.
    * de atrás = rear.
    * de atrás para adelante = back and forth.
    * de aupa = royal.
    * de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.
    * de autogestión = self-managing.
    * de autoprotección = self-protective.
    * de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.
    * de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].
    * de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].
    * de baja ralea = ignoble.
    * de bajísima calidad = shoddy.
    * de bajo consumo = low energy.
    * de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.
    * de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.
    * de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.
    * de bajo precio = low-priced.
    * de bajo riesgo = low-risk.
    * de balde = for free.
    * de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].
    * de bienvenida = salutatory.
    * de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.
    * de bodas = bridal.
    * de Boole = Boolean.
    * de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.
    * de broma = humorously, teasingly.
    * de bronce = brass.
    * de buena calidad = good-quality.
    * de buena disposición = good-natured.
    * de buena fama = of good repute.
    * de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.
    * de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.
    * de buena reputación = of good repute.
    * de buenas = on good terms.
    * de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.
    * de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].
    * de buena voluntad = in good faith.
    * de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.
    * de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.
    * de buen gusto = tasteful.
    * de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.
    * de buenos modales = well-mannered.
    * de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].
    * de buen ver = good looking.
    * de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.
    * de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.
    * de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.
    * de cachondeo = teasingly.
    * de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].
    * de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.
    * de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.
    * de cajón = no-brainer.
    * de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.
    * de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.
    * de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.
    * de camino = on the way, while we're at it.
    * de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.
    * de campo = free-range.
    * de campos fijos = fixed-field.
    * de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].
    * de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.
    * de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.
    * de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.
    * de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.
    * de carácter = in character.
    * de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.
    * de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.
    * de castigo = punitive.
    * de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.
    * de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.
    * de cerámica = ceramic.
    * de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.
    * de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.
    * de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.
    * de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].
    * de cinco días de duración = five-day.
    * de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].
    * de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.
    * de civil = in plain clothes.
    * de clasificación = classificatory.
    * de clausura = cloistered.
    * de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.
    * de cobre = cupric.
    * de cojones = badass.
    * de colegas = collegial, buddying.
    * de Colombia = Colombian.
    * de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.
    * de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.
    * de color de bronce = brassy.
    * de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].
    * de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].
    * de colorines = brightly coloured.
    * de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.
    * de color rojo = red-coloured.
    * de color rosa = rose-coloured.
    * de color verde botella = bottle green.
    * de color verde oscuro = bottle green.
    * de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.
    * de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.
    * de cómo = as to how.
    * de compañeros = collegial.
    * de complicidad = knowing.
    * de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].
    * de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.
    * de conceptos = concept-based.
    * de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.
    * de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].
    * de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.
    * de confirmación = confirmatory.
    * de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.
    * de conformidad con eso = accordingly.
    * de conífera = coniferous.
    * de construcción básica = brick and frame.
    * de construcción sólida = solidly-built.
    * de consulta fácil = scannable.
    * de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.
    * de consumo = consumptive.
    * de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.
    * de contrabando = bootleg.
    * de contrapunto = contrapuntal.
    * de Corea = Korean.
    * de Corea del Sur = South Korean.
    * de corral = free-range.
    * de corta duración = short term [short-term].
    * de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.
    * de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].
    * de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.
    * de coste cero = zero-cost.
    * de costumbre = usual, usually.
    * de creación = authorial.
    * de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.
    * de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.
    * de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.
    * de cría intensiva = battery-caged.
    * de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.
    * de Crimea = Crimean.
    * de cristal = glass.
    * de crucial importancia = crucially important.
    * de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.
    * de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.
    * de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].
    * de cualquier modo = however, either way.
    * de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.
    * de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.
    * de cuatro días de duración = four-day.
    * de cuatro estrellas = four-star.
    * de Cuba = Cuban.
    * de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.
    * de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.
    * de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.
    * de densidad doble = double-density.
    * de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.
    * de derechas = right-wing.
    * de derecho = de jure [iure].
    * de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.
    * de desarrollo = developmental.
    * de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.
    * de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.
    * de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.
    * de desconexión = cut-off.
    * de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.
    * de desecho = discarded.
    * de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].
    * de desguace = written-off.
    * de despedida = valedictory.
    * de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.
    * de día a día = from day to day.
    * de diámetro = in diameter.
    * de diario = everyday.
    * de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.
    * de diesel = diesel-powered.
    * de diferente modo = differently.
    * de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].
    * de difícil solución = intractable.
    * de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.
    * de dirección = directorial, administrative.
    * de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.
    * de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.
    * de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.
    * de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.
    * de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.
    * de doble filo = double-edged.
    * de doble hoja = double-hinged.
    * de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.
    * de doble uso = dual-use.
    * de dolor = in pain.
    * de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].
    * de donde = whence, whence, from whence.
    * ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.
    * de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.
    * de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].
    * de dos en dos = two at a time.
    * de dos letras = two-letter.
    * de dos niveles = two-tier.
    * de dos páginas = two-page.
    * de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].
    * de dos patas = two-legged.
    * de dos piernas = two-legged.
    * de dos pies = two-legged.
    * de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].
    * de dos tonalidades = bitonal.
    * de dos tonos = bitonal.
    * de dos volúmenes = two-volume.
    * de duelo = in mourning.
    * de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].
    * de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.
    * de edad = elderly.
    * de edad avanzada = over the hill.
    * de edad escolar = school-age.
    * de edad mediana = middle-aged.
    * de edad universitaria = college-age.
    * de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.
    * de ello = thereof, therefrom.
    * de ellos = theirs.
    * de embalsamar = embalming.
    * de emisor a receptor = downstream.
    * de encaje = lacy.
    * de enmienda = amendatory.
    * de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.
    * de entonces = of the day.
    * de entreguerras = interwar.
    * de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.
    * de entretenimiento = recreational.
    * de envergadura = heavy lifting.
    * de época = vintage.
    * de epopeya = epic.
    * de esa época = of the period.
    * de escándalo = outrageous.
    * de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.
    * de eso = thereof.
    * de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.
    * de especial importancia = of particular note.
    * de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.
    * de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.
    * de espíritu libre = free-spirited.
    * de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.
    * de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.
    * de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.
    * de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.
    * de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.
    * de Estonia = Estonian.
    * de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.
    * de estructura de acero = steel-framed.
    * de estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * de Europa del Este = Eastern European.
    * de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.
    * de evaluación = evaluative.
    * de éxito = successful.
    * de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].
    * de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].
    * de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].
    * de expansión = expanded.
    * de explotación = exploitative.
    * de extensión = in length.
    * de extensión normal = standard-length.
    * de extremada urgencia = serious.
    * de fabricación casera = homemade.
    * de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.
    * de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.
    * de fácil manejo = liftable.
    * de facto = de facto.
    * de fama = of note.
    * de fama internacional = of international renown.
    * de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.
    * de felpa = plush.
    * de fiar = legit.
    * de fichas = card-based.
    * de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.
    * de final de año = end-year.
    * de final de mes = end-of-the-month.
    * de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.
    * de fin de año = end of the year.
    * de fin de milenio = millennial.
    * de forma = in form.
    * de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.
    * de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.
    * de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.
    * de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.
    * de forma alternativa = alternatively.
    * de forma anónima = anonymously.
    * de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.
    * de forma apreciable = markedly.
    * de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.
    * de forma audible = audibly.
    * de forma autónoma = autonomously.
    * de forma caprichosa = capriciously.
    * de formación = formative.
    * de forma clara = clearly.
    * de forma cognitiva = cognitively.
    * de forma colegiada = collegially.
    * de forma combinada = in combination.
    * de forma competitiva = competitively.
    * de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.
    * de forma completa = in full.
    * de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.
    * de forma concisa = concisely.
    * de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.
    * de forma considerable = considerably.
    * de forma continuada = continuously.
    * de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.
    * de forma deductiva = deductively.
    * de forma desastrosa = disastrously.
    * de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.
    * de forma diferente = differently shaped.
    * de forma digital = digitally.
    * de forma divertida = funnily.
    * de forma económica = cost-effectively.
    * de forma errática = erratically.
    * de forma escandalosa = outrageously.
    * de forma especulativa = speculatively.
    * de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.
    * de forma exquisita = exquisitely.
    * de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.
    * de forma federal = federally.
    * de forma general = widely, bulk.
    * de forma global = holistically.
    * de forma graciosa = funnily.
    * de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.
    * de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.
    * de forma grotesca = grotesquely.
    * de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].
    * de forma heurística = heuristically.
    * de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.
    * de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.
    * de forma indirecta = circuitous route.
    * de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.
    * de forma innata = innately.
    * de forma irregular = erratically.
    * de forma lamentable = miserably.
    * de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.
    * de forma mágica = magically.
    * de forma mecánica = mechanically.
    * de forma mordaz = pungently.
    * de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.
    * de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.
    * de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.
    * de forma negativa = in a negative light.
    * de forma neutral = neutrally.
    * de forma notoria = markedly.
    * de forma opcional = optionally.
    * de forma óptima = optimally.
    * de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.
    * de forma poco ética = unethically.
    * de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.
    * de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.
    * de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.
    * de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.
    * de forma práctica = pragmatically.
    * de forma precisa = precisely.
    * de forma provocativa = provocatively.
    * de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.
    * de forma que = in ways that.
    * de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.
    * de forma rara = oddly, funnily.
    * de forma recíproca = reciprocally.
    * de forma rentable = cost-effectively.
    * de forma residual = residually.
    * de forma ridícula = grotesquely.
    * de forma saludable = healthily.
    * de forma sana = healthily.
    * de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.
    * de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.
    * de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.
    * de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.
    * de forma sublime = subliminally.
    * de forma suscinta = in brief.
    * de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.
    * de forma tosca = in crude form.
    * de forma trágica = tragically.
    * de fotograma completo = full-frame.
    * de fotograma doble = half-frame.
    * de frente = head-on, frontal.
    * de fuera = outside, off-side.
    * de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.
    * de fuerza = forceful.
    * de funcionamiento = operating, operational.
    * de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.
    * de gala = gala.
    * de Galileo = Galilean.
    * de Gambia = Gambian.
    * de gas = gas-powered.
    * de generación a generación = from generation to generation.
    * de generación en generación = from generation to generation.
    * de geofísica = geophysical.
    * de gestión = managerial, back-office.
    * de gestión del museo = curatorial.
    * de Glasgow = Glaswegian.
    * de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.
    * de grado básico = junior grade.
    * de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.
    * de gran belleza = scenic.
    * de gran calibre = high-calibre.
    * de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.
    * de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.
    * de gran colorido = brightly coloured.
    * de gran corazón = big-hearted.
    * de gran efecto = wide-reaching.
    * de gran éxito comercial = high selling.
    * de gran formato = oversized, oversize.
    * de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].
    * de gran influencia = seminal.
    * de granja = free-range.
    * de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.
    * de gran lujo = top-class.
    * de gran potencia = high-powered.
    * de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.
    * de gran talento = talented.
    * de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.
    * de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.
    * de gran venta = high selling.
    * de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.
    * de guasa = teasingly.
    * de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.
    * de habla alemana = German-speaking.
    * de habla francesa = French-speaking.
    * de habla inglesa = English-speaking.
    * de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.
    * de hace años = of years ago.
    * de hace muchos años = long-standing.
    * de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.
    * de hace siglos = of yore.
    * de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.
    * de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.
    * de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.
    * de hierbas = herbal.
    * de hierro = iron, ferric.
    * de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.
    * de hoja caduca = deciduous.
    * de hoja perenne = evergreen.
    * de hojas largas = long-leaved.
    * de Homero = Homeric.
    * de hongos = fungal.
    * de horticultura = horticultural.
    * de hoy = present-day.
    * de hoy día = of today.
    * de hoy en adelante = as from today.
    * de hoy en día = of today.
    * de huelga = striking.
    * de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].
    * de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.
    * de ideas afines = like-minded.
    * de igual a igual = as a peer.
    * de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.
    * de igual longitud = of equal length.
    * de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).
    * de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.
    * de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).
    * de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.
    * de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.
    * de imitación = copycat.
    * de importancia = of note, of consequence.
    * de importancia creciente = of growing importance.
    * de importancia crucial = crucially important.
    * de importancia fundamental = critically important.
    * de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.
    * de incalculable valor = priceless.
    * de incógnito = incognito.
    * de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.
    * de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].
    * de inmediato = immediately.
    * de inspiración = inspirational.
    * de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.
    * de intereses similares = of like interest.
    * de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.
    * de interés humano = human interest.
    * de interés periodístico = newsworthy.
    * de investigación = exploratory.
    * de isótopos = isotopic.
    * de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.
    * de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].
    * de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.
    * de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.
    * de Kenia = Kenyan.
    * de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].
    * de la adolescencia = teenage.
    * de la alcaldía = mayoral.
    * de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.
    * de la cara = facial.
    * de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.
    * de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.
    * de la cóclea = cochlear.
    * de la columna vertebral = spinal.
    * de la comedia = comedic.
    * de la corteza = crustal, cortical.
    * de la cría de aves = avicultural.
    * de la duramadre = dural.
    * de la edad media = dark-age.
    * de la embajada = ambassadorial.
    * de la época = of the time(s), of the day.
    * de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.
    * de la época victoriana = Victorian.
    * de la espina dorsal = spinal.
    * de la extensión de un libro = book-length.
    * de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.
    * de la forma más difícil = the hard way.
    * de la forma más fácil = the easy way .
    * de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.
    * de la fóvea = foveal.
    * de la gama alta = high-end.
    * de la gama baja = low-end.
    * de la gama inferior = low-end.
    * de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].
    * de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].
    * de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].
    * de la malaria = malarial.
    * de la mama = mammary.
    * de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.
    * de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.
    * de la manera normal = in the normal manner.
    * de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.
    * de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.
    * de la marina = marine.
    * de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili.
    * * *
    I
    1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

    la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

    no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

    su padre de usted — (frml) your father

    es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

    2)
    [de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

    Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

    los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

    las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

    ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

    3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

    es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

    de... a... — from... to...

    4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

    una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

    5) (expresando causa, modo)

    de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

    de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

    6)
    a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

    ¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

    la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

    de niñoas a o when he was a child

    7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

    ¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

    8)
    a) (al definir, especificar)

    ¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

    es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

    ¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

    lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

    qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

    10)

    pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

    cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

    un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

    12) ( en calidad de) as
    13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

    estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

    a)

    de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

    b)

    ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

    es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

    II
    * * *
    = across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

    Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

    Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.
    Ex: These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.
    Ex: Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.
    Ex: However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.
    Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.
    Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.
    * abogado de oficio = legal aid.
    * actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.
    * alabanza de boquilla = lip service.
    * alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.
    * autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].
    * cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.
    * comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.
    * de... a = through.
    * de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.
    * de abolengo = well-born.
    * de abordo = in-flight.
    * de absorción = absorptive.
    * de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.
    * de acceso público = publicly accessible.
    * de acceso rápido = fast-access.
    * de acceso restringido = closed access.
    * de acción = action-centered.
    * de acompañante = in tow.
    * de actitud = attitudinal.
    * de actuación = for action.
    * de actualidad = topical.
    * de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.
    * de acuerdo a = according to.
    * de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.
    * de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.
    * de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.
    * de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.
    * de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.
    * de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.
    * de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.
    * de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.
    * de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.
    * de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.
    * de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * de adaptación = adaptive.
    * de †frica = African.
    * de Africa occidental = West African.
    * de agua = water-based.
    * de aguas profundas = deep-sea.
    * de ahí = therefrom.
    * de ahí que = hence.
    * de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.
    * de Alaska = Alaskan.
    * de Albania = Albanian.
    * de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].
    * de alcohol = spirit-based.
    * de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.
    * de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.
    * de alguna otra forma = in any other way.
    * de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.
    * de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.
    * de algún modo u otro = of some sort.
    * de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.
    * de algún tipo = of some description.
    * de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.
    * de alta alcurnia = well-born.
    * de alta cuna = well-born.
    * de alta densidad = high-density.
    * de alta energía = high energy.
    * de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.
    * de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.
    * de alta potencia = high power.
    * de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.
    * de alta productividad = high-performance.
    * de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.
    * de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.
    * de alta tensión = heavy-current.
    * de alta velocidad = high-speed.
    * de alto abolengo = well-born.
    * de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.
    * de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.
    * de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.
    * de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.
    * de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.
    * de alto voltaje = high-voltage.
    * de altura = high, top-notch.
    * de altura regulable = height-adjustable.
    * de aluvión = alluvial.
    * de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].
    * de amplio alcance = broad in scope.
    * de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.
    * de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.
    * de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].
    * de antigua generación = low-end.
    * de antiguo = from time immemorial.
    * de apariencia = cosmetic.
    * de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.
    * de aplicación específica = special-purpose.
    * de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.
    * de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.
    * de apoyo = enabling, supportive.
    * de aprovechamiento = exploitative.
    * de aquel entonces = of that day.
    * de aquí para allá = back and forth.
    * de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.
    * de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.
    * de archivo = archival, archive.
    * de armas tomar = redoubtable.
    * de arranque = bootable.
    * de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.
    * de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.
    * de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.
    * de asesoramiento = consultative.
    * de aspecto = looking.
    * de aspecto antiguo = old-face.
    * de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.
    * de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.
    * de aspecto digno = dignified.
    * de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.
    * de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.
    * de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.
    * de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.
    * de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.
    * de aspecto solemne = dignified.
    * de atención básica = preattentive.
    * de atención primaria = preattentive.
    * de atrás = rear.
    * de atrás para adelante = back and forth.
    * de aupa = royal.
    * de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.
    * de autogestión = self-managing.
    * de autoprotección = self-protective.
    * de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.
    * de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].
    * de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].
    * de baja ralea = ignoble.
    * de bajísima calidad = shoddy.
    * de bajo consumo = low energy.
    * de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.
    * de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.
    * de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.
    * de bajo precio = low-priced.
    * de bajo riesgo = low-risk.
    * de balde = for free.
    * de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].
    * de bienvenida = salutatory.
    * de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.
    * de bodas = bridal.
    * de Boole = Boolean.
    * de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.
    * de broma = humorously, teasingly.
    * de bronce = brass.
    * de buena calidad = good-quality.
    * de buena disposición = good-natured.
    * de buena fama = of good repute.
    * de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.
    * de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.
    * de buena reputación = of good repute.
    * de buenas = on good terms.
    * de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.
    * de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].
    * de buena voluntad = in good faith.
    * de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.
    * de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.
    * de buen gusto = tasteful.
    * de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.
    * de buenos modales = well-mannered.
    * de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].
    * de buen ver = good looking.
    * de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.
    * de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.
    * de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.
    * de cachondeo = teasingly.
    * de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].
    * de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.
    * de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.
    * de cajón = no-brainer.
    * de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.
    * de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.
    * de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.
    * de camino = on the way, while we're at it.
    * de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.
    * de campo = free-range.
    * de campos fijos = fixed-field.
    * de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].
    * de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.
    * de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.
    * de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.
    * de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.
    * de carácter = in character.
    * de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.
    * de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.
    * de castigo = punitive.
    * de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.
    * de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.
    * de cerámica = ceramic.
    * de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.
    * de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.
    * de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.
    * de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].
    * de cinco días de duración = five-day.
    * de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].
    * de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.
    * de civil = in plain clothes.
    * de clasificación = classificatory.
    * de clausura = cloistered.
    * de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.
    * de cobre = cupric.
    * de cojones = badass.
    * de colegas = collegial, buddying.
    * de Colombia = Colombian.
    * de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.
    * de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.
    * de color de bronce = brassy.
    * de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].
    * de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].
    * de colorines = brightly coloured.
    * de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.
    * de color rojo = red-coloured.
    * de color rosa = rose-coloured.
    * de color verde botella = bottle green.
    * de color verde oscuro = bottle green.
    * de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.
    * de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.
    * de cómo = as to how.
    * de compañeros = collegial.
    * de complicidad = knowing.
    * de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].
    * de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.
    * de conceptos = concept-based.
    * de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.
    * de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].
    * de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.
    * de confirmación = confirmatory.
    * de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.
    * de conformidad con eso = accordingly.
    * de conífera = coniferous.
    * de construcción básica = brick and frame.
    * de construcción sólida = solidly-built.
    * de consulta fácil = scannable.
    * de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.
    * de consumo = consumptive.
    * de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.
    * de contrabando = bootleg.
    * de contrapunto = contrapuntal.
    * de Corea = Korean.
    * de Corea del Sur = South Korean.
    * de corral = free-range.
    * de corta duración = short term [short-term].
    * de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.
    * de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].
    * de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.
    * de coste cero = zero-cost.
    * de costumbre = usual, usually.
    * de creación = authorial.
    * de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.
    * de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.
    * de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.
    * de cría intensiva = battery-caged.
    * de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.
    * de Crimea = Crimean.
    * de cristal = glass.
    * de crucial importancia = crucially important.
    * de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.
    * de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.
    * de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].
    * de cualquier modo = however, either way.
    * de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.
    * de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.
    * de cuatro días de duración = four-day.
    * de cuatro estrellas = four-star.
    * de Cuba = Cuban.
    * de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.
    * de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.
    * de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.
    * de densidad doble = double-density.
    * de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.
    * de derechas = right-wing.
    * de derecho = de jure [iure].
    * de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.
    * de desarrollo = developmental.
    * de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.
    * de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.
    * de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.
    * de desconexión = cut-off.
    * de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.
    * de desecho = discarded.
    * de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].
    * de desguace = written-off.
    * de despedida = valedictory.
    * de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.
    * de día a día = from day to day.
    * de diámetro = in diameter.
    * de diario = everyday.
    * de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.
    * de diesel = diesel-powered.
    * de diferente modo = differently.
    * de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].
    * de difícil solución = intractable.
    * de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.
    * de dirección = directorial, administrative.
    * de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.
    * de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.
    * de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.
    * de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.
    * de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.
    * de doble filo = double-edged.
    * de doble hoja = double-hinged.
    * de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.
    * de doble uso = dual-use.
    * de dolor = in pain.
    * de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].
    * de donde = whence, whence, from whence.
    * ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.
    * de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.
    * de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].
    * de dos en dos = two at a time.
    * de dos letras = two-letter.
    * de dos niveles = two-tier.
    * de dos páginas = two-page.
    * de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].
    * de dos patas = two-legged.
    * de dos piernas = two-legged.
    * de dos pies = two-legged.
    * de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].
    * de dos tonalidades = bitonal.
    * de dos tonos = bitonal.
    * de dos volúmenes = two-volume.
    * de duelo = in mourning.
    * de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].
    * de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.
    * de edad = elderly.
    * de edad avanzada = over the hill.
    * de edad escolar = school-age.
    * de edad mediana = middle-aged.
    * de edad universitaria = college-age.
    * de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.
    * de ello = thereof, therefrom.
    * de ellos = theirs.
    * de embalsamar = embalming.
    * de emisor a receptor = downstream.
    * de encaje = lacy.
    * de enmienda = amendatory.
    * de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.
    * de entonces = of the day.
    * de entreguerras = interwar.
    * de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.
    * de entretenimiento = recreational.
    * de envergadura = heavy lifting.
    * de época = vintage.
    * de epopeya = epic.
    * de esa época = of the period.
    * de escándalo = outrageous.
    * de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.
    * de eso = thereof.
    * de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.
    * de especial importancia = of particular note.
    * de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.
    * de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.
    * de espíritu libre = free-spirited.
    * de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.
    * de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.
    * de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.
    * de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.
    * de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.
    * de Estonia = Estonian.
    * de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.
    * de estructura de acero = steel-framed.
    * de estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * de Europa del Este = Eastern European.
    * de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.
    * de evaluación = evaluative.
    * de éxito = successful.
    * de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].
    * de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].
    * de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].
    * de expansión = expanded.
    * de explotación = exploitative.
    * de extensión = in length.
    * de extensión normal = standard-length.
    * de extremada urgencia = serious.
    * de fabricación casera = homemade.
    * de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.
    * de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.
    * de fácil manejo = liftable.
    * de facto = de facto.
    * de fama = of note.
    * de fama internacional = of international renown.
    * de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.
    * de felpa = plush.
    * de fiar = legit.
    * de fichas = card-based.
    * de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.
    * de final de año = end-year.
    * de final de mes = end-of-the-month.
    * de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.
    * de fin de año = end of the year.
    * de fin de milenio = millennial.
    * de forma = in form.
    * de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.
    * de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.
    * de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.
    * de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.
    * de forma alternativa = alternatively.
    * de forma anónima = anonymously.
    * de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.
    * de forma apreciable = markedly.
    * de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.
    * de forma audible = audibly.
    * de forma autónoma = autonomously.
    * de forma caprichosa = capriciously.
    * de formación = formative.
    * de forma clara = clearly.
    * de forma cognitiva = cognitively.
    * de forma colegiada = collegially.
    * de forma combinada = in combination.
    * de forma competitiva = competitively.
    * de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.
    * de forma completa = in full.
    * de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.
    * de forma concisa = concisely.
    * de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.
    * de forma considerable = considerably.
    * de forma continuada = continuously.
    * de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.
    * de forma deductiva = deductively.
    * de forma desastrosa = disastrously.
    * de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.
    * de forma diferente = differently shaped.
    * de forma digital = digitally.
    * de forma divertida = funnily.
    * de forma económica = cost-effectively.
    * de forma errática = erratically.
    * de forma escandalosa = outrageously.
    * de forma especulativa = speculatively.
    * de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.
    * de forma exquisita = exquisitely.
    * de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.
    * de forma federal = federally.
    * de forma general = widely, bulk.
    * de forma global = holistically.
    * de forma graciosa = funnily.
    * de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.
    * de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.
    * de forma grotesca = grotesquely.
    * de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].
    * de forma heurística = heuristically.
    * de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.
    * de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.
    * de forma indirecta = circuitous route.
    * de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.
    * de forma innata = innately.
    * de forma irregular = erratically.
    * de forma lamentable = miserably.
    * de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.
    * de forma mágica = magically.
    * de forma mecánica = mechanically.
    * de forma mordaz = pungently.
    * de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.
    * de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.
    * de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.
    * de forma negativa = in a negative light.
    * de forma neutral = neutrally.
    * de forma notoria = markedly.
    * de forma opcional = optionally.
    * de forma óptima = optimally.
    * de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.
    * de forma poco ética = unethically.
    * de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.
    * de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.
    * de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.
    * de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.
    * de forma práctica = pragmatically.
    * de forma precisa = precisely.
    * de forma provocativa = provocatively.
    * de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.
    * de forma que = in ways that.
    * de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.
    * de forma rara = oddly, funnily.
    * de forma recíproca = reciprocally.
    * de forma rentable = cost-effectively.
    * de forma residual = residually.
    * de forma ridícula = grotesquely.
    * de forma saludable = healthily.
    * de forma sana = healthily.
    * de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.
    * de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.
    * de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.
    * de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.
    * de forma sublime = subliminally.
    * de forma suscinta = in brief.
    * de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.
    * de forma tosca = in crude form.
    * de forma trágica = tragically.
    * de fotograma completo = full-frame.
    * de fotograma doble = half-frame.
    * de frente = head-on, frontal.
    * de fuera = outside, off-side.
    * de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.
    * de fuerza = forceful.
    * de funcionamiento = operating, operational.
    * de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.
    * de gala = gala.
    * de Galileo = Galilean.
    * de Gambia = Gambian.
    * de gas = gas-powered.
    * de generación a generación = from generation to generation.
    * de generación en generación = from generation to generation.
    * de geofísica = geophysical.
    * de gestión = managerial, back-office.
    * de gestión del museo = curatorial.
    * de Glasgow = Glaswegian.
    * de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.
    * de grado básico = junior grade.
    * de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.
    * de gran belleza = scenic.
    * de gran calibre = high-calibre.
    * de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.
    * de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.
    * de gran colorido = brightly coloured.
    * de gran corazón = big-hearted.
    * de gran efecto = wide-reaching.
    * de gran éxito comercial = high selling.
    * de gran formato = oversized, oversize.
    * de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].
    * de gran influencia = seminal.
    * de granja = free-range.
    * de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.
    * de gran lujo = top-class.
    * de gran potencia = high-powered.
    * de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.
    * de gran talento = talented.
    * de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.
    * de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.
    * de gran venta = high selling.
    * de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.
    * de guasa = teasingly.
    * de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.
    * de habla alemana = German-speaking.
    * de habla francesa = French-speaking.
    * de habla inglesa = English-speaking.
    * de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.
    * de hace años = of years ago.
    * de hace muchos años = long-standing.
    * de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.
    * de hace siglos = of yore.
    * de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.
    * de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.
    * de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.
    * de hierbas = herbal.
    * de hierro = iron, ferric.
    * de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.
    * de hoja caduca = deciduous.
    * de hoja perenne = evergreen.
    * de hojas largas = long-leaved.
    * de Homero = Homeric.
    * de hongos = fungal.
    * de horticultura = horticultural.
    * de hoy = present-day.
    * de hoy día = of today.
    * de hoy en adelante = as from today.
    * de hoy en día = of today.
    * de huelga = striking.
    * de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].
    * de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.
    * de ideas afines = like-minded.
    * de igual a igual = as a peer.
    * de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.
    * de igual longitud = of equal length.
    * de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).
    * de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.
    * de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).
    * de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.
    * de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.
    * de imitación = copycat.
    * de importancia = of note, of consequence.
    * de importancia creciente = of growing importance.
    * de importancia crucial = crucially important.
    * de importancia fundamental = critically important.
    * de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.
    * de incalculable valor = priceless.
    * de incógnito = incognito.
    * de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.
    * de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].
    * de inmediato = immediately.
    * de inspiración = inspirational.
    * de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.
    * de intereses similares = of like interest.
    * de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.
    * de interés humano = human interest.
    * de interés periodístico = newsworthy.
    * de investigación = exploratory.
    * de isótopos = isotopic.
    * de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.
    * de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].
    * de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.
    * de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.
    * de Kenia = Kenyan.
    * de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].
    * de la adolescencia = teenage.
    * de la alcaldía = mayoral.
    * de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.
    * de la cara = facial.
    * de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.
    * de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.
    * de la cóclea = cochlear.
    * de la columna vertebral = spinal.
    * de la comedia = comedic.
    * de la corteza = crustal, cortical.
    * de la cría de aves = avicultural.
    * de la duramadre = dural.
    * de la edad media = dark-age.
    * de la embajada = ambassadorial.
    * de la época = of the time(s), of the day.
    * de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.
    * de la época victoriana = Victorian.
    * de la espina dorsal = spinal.
    * de la extensión de un libro = book-length.
    * de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.
    * de la forma más difícil = the hard way.
    * de la forma más fácil = the easy way.
    * de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.
    * de la fóvea = foveal.
    * de la gama alta = high-end.
    * de la gama baja = low-end.
    * de la gama inferior = low-end.
    * de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].
    * de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].
    * de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].
    * de la malaria = malarial.
    * de la mama = mammary.
    * de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.
    * de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.
    * de la manera normal = in the normal manner.
    * de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.
    * de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.
    * de la marina = marine.
    * de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili

    * * *
    de1
    A
    (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión): la casa de mi hermano/de mis padres/de la actriz my brother's/my parents'/the actress's house
    el rey de Francia the king of France
    el cumpleaños de Luis Luis's birthday
    el cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero a colleague's wife's birthday, the birthday of the wife of one of my colleagues
    no es de él/de ella/de ellos it isn't his/hers/theirs
    su padre de usted ( frml); your father
    un amigo de mi hijo a friend of my son's
    es un amigo de la familia he's a friend of the family o a family friend
    un estudiante de quinto año a fifth-year student
    el nieto de los Arteaga the Arteagas' grandson
    la mesa de la cocina the kitchen table
    la correa del perro the dog's leash
    un avión de Mexair a Mexair plane
    la tapa de la cacerola the saucepan lid
    las calles de la capital the streets of the capital, the capital's streets
    la subida de los precios the rise in prices
    al término de la reunión at the end of the meeting
    B
    la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima
    el aeropuerto de Barajas Barajas airport
    el mes de enero the month of January
    el imbécil de tu hermano that stupid brother of yours, your stupid brother
    el bueno de Ricardo le aguanta cualquier cosa Ricardo is so good, he puts up with anything from her
    2
    (en exclamaciones): ¡pobre de él! poor him!
    ¡triste de quien no conozca ese sentimiento! ( liter); pity the person who has never experienced that feeling! ( liter)
    C
    (con apellidos): Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena ≈ Mrs Mónica Arocena
    los señores de Rucabado ( frml); Mr and Mrs Rucabado
    D
    ( Arg crit) (a casa de): voy del médico I'm going to the doctor's
    A
    1
    (expresando procedencia, origen): volvía de clase/del banco I was on my way back from my class/from the bank
    es de Bogotá she's from Bogotá, she comes from Bogotá
    lo saqué de la biblioteca I got it out of the library
    lo recogió del suelo she picked it up off the floor
    mis amigos de América my American friends, my friends from America
    he recibido carta de Julia I've had a letter from Julia
    un hijo de su primera mujer a son by his first wife
    al salir de la tienda as he left the store
    DE … A …:
    de aquí a tu casa from here to your house
    un amigo de la infancia a childhood friend
    data del siglo XVII it dates from the 17th century
    la literatura de ese período the literature of o from that period
    lo conozco de cuando estuve en Rosales I know him from when I was in Rosales
    de un día para otro from one day to the next
    DE … A …:
    está abierto de nueve a cinco it's open from nine to five o between nine and five
    de aquí a que termine tenemos para rato it'll be a while yet before he finishes, he won't be finished for a while yet
    B
    (expresando causa): murió de viejo he died of old age
    verde de envidia green with envy
    estaba ronco de tanto gritar he was hoarse from shouting so much
    eso es de comer tan poco that's what comes from o of eating so little
    A
    (introduciendo cualidades, características): es de una paciencia increíble he is incredibly patient, he is a man of incredible patience
    un chiste de muy mal gusto a joke in very bad taste
    objetos de mucho valor objects of great value
    un pez de agua dulce a freshwater fish
    ¿de qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?
    tiene cara de aburrido he looks bored
    ese gesto es muy de su madre that gesture is very reminiscent of his mother
    tienes cosas de niño malcriado sometimes you act like a spoiled child
    una botella de un litro a liter bottle
    un niño de tres meses a three-month-old child
    déme de las de 200 pesos el kilo give me some of those o some of the ones at 200 pesos a kilo
    la chica del abrigo rojo the girl with o in the red coat
    la señora de azul the lady in blue
    un hombre de pelo largo a man with long hair
    un anciano de bastón an old man with a stick [de is part of many compounds like cinturón de seguridad, hombre de negocios, válvula de escape, etc ]
    B
    (al especificar material, contenido, composición): una mesa de caoba a mahogany table
    una inyección de morfina an injection of morphine, a morphine injection
    el complemento ideal de todo plato de pescado the ideal complement to any fish dish
    son de plástico they're (made of) plastic
    un curso de secretariado a secretarial course
    nos sirvió una copa de champán she gave us a glass of champagne
    una colección de sellos a stamp collection, a collection of stamps
    un millón de dólares a million dollars
    C
    (con sentido ponderativo): ¡lo encontré de viejo …! he seemed so old!
    ¡qué de coches! ( fam); what a lot of cars!
    D
    (al definir, especificar): tuvo la suerte de conseguirlo she was lucky enough to get it
    aprieta el botón de abajo press the bottom button
    E
    1
    (con cifras): el número de estudiantes es de 480 the number of students is 480, there are 480 students
    pagan un interés del 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%
    cuesta más de £100 it costs more than o over £100
    pesa menos de un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo
    un número mayor/menor de 29 a number over/under 29
    3
    (en expresiones de modo): lo tumbó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blow
    subió los escalones de dos en dos he went up the stairs two at a time
    de a poco (CS); little by little, gradually
    4
    (CS): de a cuatro/ocho/diez: colócalos de a dos/cuatro put them in twos/fours
    entraron de a uno they went in one by one o one at a time [de is part of many expressions entered under frente2 m A 2. (↑ frente (2)), improviso, prisa etc]
    está de profesor en una academia he's working as a teacher in a private school
    le ofrecieron un puesto de redactor they offered him a job as an editor
    hace de enanito en la obra he plays (the part of) a dwarf in the play
    le habló de hombre a hombre he talked to him man to man
    G
    1
    (limitando lo expresado a determinado aspecto): es muy bonita de cara she has a pretty face
    es corto de talle/ancho de hombros he's short-waisted/broad-shouldered
    es sorda de un oído she's deaf in one ear
    ¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? how are we doing for time?
    tiene dos metros de ancho it's two meters wide
    2
    (refiriéndose a una etapa de la vida): de niño as a child, when he was a child
    H
    (en expresiones de estado, actividad): estaba de mal humor she was in a bad mood
    I
    (indicando uso, destino, finalidad): el cepillo de la ropa the clothes brush
    el trapo de limpiar la plata the cloth for cleaning the silver
    lo sirvió en copas de champán he served it in champagne glasses
    dales algo de comer give them something to eat
    ¿qué hay de postre? what's for dessert? [de is part of many compounds like cuchara de servir, máquina de coser, saco de dormir, etc]
    una novela de Goytisolo a novel by Goytisolo, a Goytisolo novel
    seguidos del resto de la familia followed by the rest of the family
    una casa rodeada de árboles a house surrounded by trees
    viene acompañado de arroz it is served with rice
    acompañado de su señora esposa ( frml); accompanied by his wife
    A
    ¿quién de ustedes fue? which (one) of you was it?
    se llevó uno de los míos she took one of mine
    el mayor de los Rodríguez the eldest of the Rodríguez children
    un cigarrillo de ésos que apestan one of those cigarettes that stink
    2
    (con un superlativo): eligió el más caro de todos she chose the most expensive one of all
    la ciudad más grande del mundo the biggest city in the world
    B
    (refiriéndose a una parte del día): a las once de la mañana/de la noche at eleven in the morning/at night
    duerme de día y trabaja de noche she sleeps during the day and works at night
    salieron de madrugada they left very early in the morning
    ver tb mañana3 f A. (↑ mañana (3)), tarde2 (↑ tarde (2)), etc
    A DE + INF:
    de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known, I would have come earlier o had I known, I would have come earlier
    de no ser así no será considerada otherwise it will not be considered
    de continuar este estado de cosas if this state of affairs persists
    B SER DE + INF
    (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad): es de esperar que … it is to be hoped that …, one hopes that …
    no son de fiar they are not to be trusted
    es de destacar la actuación de Marta Valverde Marta Valverde's performance is worthy of note
    C
    de no ( AmL); if not
    de2
    * * *

    Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)

    es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    dar    
    de    

    dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
    1


    déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
    See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
    b)cartas/mano to give

    2
    a) (donar, regalar) ‹sangre/limosna to give;


    b) ( proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza to give;

    información/idea to give
    3
    a) (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma to give

    b) ( aplicar) ‹mano de pintura/barniz to give

    c)sedante/masaje to give

    4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso to give;

    nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
    5
    a) (expresar, decir) ‹parecer/opinón to give;

    ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;

    dales saludos give/send them my regards;
    tuve que déle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
    b) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;


    1
    a) ( producir) ‹fruto/flor to bear;

    dividendos to pay;

    b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):

    da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;

    venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
    ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
    2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto to give;
    problemas to cause;

    el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
    1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto to give;
    ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);

    ¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
    2
    a)fiesta/conferencia to give;

    baile/banquete to hold;
    discurso› (AmL) to make
    b) (CS) ‹ examen› to take o (BrE) sit;

    ver tb clase 4
    ( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito to give;

    dame un beso give me a kiss;
    ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
    ( considerar) dé algo/a algn por algo:

    ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
    ¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
    verbo intransitivo
    1


    [ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
    [fachada/frente] to face
    2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dé para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;

    dé de sí ‹zapatos/jersey to stretch
    3 ( arrojar un resultado):

    ¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
    a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
    4 ( importar):

    ¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
    ¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
    me da igual I don't mind
    5 ( en naipes) to deal
    1
    a) (pegar, golpear): déle a algn to hit sb;

    ( como castigo) to smack sb;

    el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post


    2 (accionar, mover) déle a algo ‹a botón/tecla to press sth;
    a interruptor to flick sth;
    a manivela/volante to turn sth
    3


    soluciónto hit upon, find;
    palabra to come up with
    4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) déle a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar to take to doing sth;
    le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …

    5 [sol/luz]:

    la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
    darse verbo pronominal
    1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
    2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
    3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):

    a) ( refl) ( realizar lo que se indica) ‹ducha/banquete to have;

    dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;

    dárselas de listo to act smart
    b) (golpearse, pegarse):


    se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
    se dio dé un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
    ( considerarse) dése por algo:

    ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
    de 1 preposición
    1
    a) (pertenencia, posesión):


    el rey dé Francia the king of France;
    no es dé él it isn't his;
    es un amigo dé mi hijo he's a friend of my son's;
    un estudiante dé quinto año a fifth-year student;
    la tapa dé la cacerola the saucepan lid;
    un avión dé Mexair a Mexair plane


    el aeropuerto dé Barajas Barajas airport;
    el mes dé enero the month of January
    2
    a) (procedencia, origen, tiempo) from;

    es dé Bogotá she's/she comes from Bogotá;

    una carta dé Julia a letter from Julia;
    un amigo dé la infancia a childhood friend;
    la literatura dé ese período the literature of o from that period;
    dé aquí a tu casa from here to your house
    b) (material, contenido, composición):


    una mesa dé caoba a mahogany table;
    un vaso dé agua a glass of water;
    un millón dé dólares a million dollars
    c) (causa, modo):


    dé tanto gritar from shouting so much;
    verde dé envidia green with envy;
    temblando dé miedo trembling with fear;
    dé memoria by heart;
    lo tumbó dé un golpe he knocked him down with one blow


    rodeada dé árboles surrounded by trees
    3
    a) (cualidades, características):


    objetos dé mucho valor objects of great value;
    ¿dé qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?;
    tiene cara dé aburrido he looks bored;
    una botella dé un litro a liter bottle;
    la chica dé azul the girl in blue
    b) (al definir, especificar):


    tiene dos metros dé ancho it's two meters wide;
    es fácil de pronunciar it's easy to pronounce;
    uno dé los míos one of mine;
    el mayor dé los Soto the eldest of the Soto children
    4
    a) ( con cifras):

    pagan un interés dél 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%


    más dé £100 more than o over £100;

    pesa menos dé un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo;
    un número mayor/menor dé 29 a number over/under 29


    la ciudad más grande dél mundo the biggest city in the world

    dé día/noche during the day/at night;

    dé madrugada early in the morning
    5
    a) ( en calidad de) as;


    hace dé rey en la obra he plays (the part of) a king in the play
    b) (en expresiones de estado, actividad):


    estamos dé fiesta we're having a party
    c) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad):


    copas dé vino wine glasses;
    ropa dé cama bed clothes;
    dales algo dé comer give them something to eat;
    ¿qué hay dé postre? what's for dessert?
    6 ( con sentido condicional):

    dé no ser así otherwise
    de 2 sustantivo femenino: name of the letter d
    see
    dar

    dar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
    2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
    le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
    3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
    (un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
    dar las gracias, to thank
    4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
    5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
    6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
    (fruto, flores) to bear
    (beneficio, interés) to give, yield
    7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
    (un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
    le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
    8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
    9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
    (impartir clases) to teach
    (recibir una clase) to have
    US to take
    10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
    11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
    12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
    (del gas, agua) to turn on
    13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
    14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
    (un masaje, medicamento) to give
    15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
    ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
    dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
    16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
    17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
    dar un paseo, to go for a walk
    dar una voz, to give a shout
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
    2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
    (una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
    dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
    ♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
    le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
    dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
    dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
    dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
    dar que hablar, to set people talking
    dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
    dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
    de preposición
    1 (pertenencia, posesión) of
    la dirección de mis padres, my parents' address
    el teclado de este ordenador, this computer's keyboard
    la primera página del libro, the first page of the book
    2 (material) of: está hecho de madera, it's made of wood
    una pajarita de papel, a paper bird
    (contenido) un vaso de vino, a glass of wine
    3 (asunto) about, on: sabe mucho de economía, she knows a lot about economics
    un curso de inglés, an English course
    un libro de arte, a book on art
    4 (oficio) as: está/trabaja de enfermera, she is working as a nurse
    5 (cualidad) una persona de carácter, a person with character
    una rubia de pelo largo, a blonde with long hair
    6 (procedencia) from: es de Bilbao, he is o comes from Bilbao
    de Madrid a Cáceres, from Madrid to Cáceres
    7 (parte) un poco de leche, a little milk
    un trozo de carne, a piece of meat
    8 (causa) with, because of
    llorar de alegría, to cry with joy
    morir de hambre, to die of hunger
    9 (modo) lo bebió de un trago, she downed it in one
    un gesto de satisfacción, an expression of satisfaction
    10 (localización) el señor de la camisa azul, the man in the blue shirt
    la casa de la esquina, the house on the corner
    11 (tiempo) a las cinco de la mañana, at five in the morning
    de año en año, year in year out
    de día, by day
    de noche, at night
    de miércoles a viernes, from Wednesday to Friday
    de pequeño, as a child
    12 (finalidad) jornada de reflexión, eve of polling day
    libro de consulta, reference book
    máquina de escribir, typewriter
    13 (instrumento) derribó la puerta de una patada, he kicked the door down
    lo mataron de una puñalada, he was stabbed to death
    14 (comparación) el discurso fue más largo de lo esperado, the speech was longer than expected
    (con superlativo) in
    el coche más caro del mundo, the most expensive car in the world
    15 (precio) for
    un pantalón de dos mil pesetas, a pair of trousers costing two thousand pesetas 16 una avenida de quince kilómetros, an avenue fifteen kilometres long
    una botella de litro, a litre bottle
    17 (condicional) de haberlo sabido no le hubiera invitado, if I had known I wouldn't have invited him
    de no ser así, if that wasn't o weren't the case
    de ser cierto, if it was o were true
    18 (reiteración) de puerta en puerta, from door to door
    de tres en tres, in threes o three at a time

    '' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - a. C.
    - a.m.
    - abajo
    - abanderada
    - abanderado
    - abandonar
    - abandonarse
    - abandono
    - abanico
    - abarrotar
    - abarrotada
    - abarrotado
    - abarrotería
    - abastecer
    - abastecerse
    - abastecimiento
    - abasto
    - abatir
    - abatimiento
    - abatirse
    - abdicar
    - abertura
    - abierta
    - abierto
    - abismo
    - ablandar
    - abogar
    - abogacía
    - abogada
    - abogado
    - abominar
    - abominable
    - abono
    - abortar
    - abrir
    - abridor
    - abrigo
    - abrupta
    - abrupto
    - absoluta
    - absolutamente
    - absoluto
    - abstenerse
    - abstención
    - abstinencia
    - abstraerse
    - abuelo
    - abuhardillada
    - abuhardillado
    English:
    A
    - A-level
    - a.m.
    - AA
    - abandon
    - ABC
    - ability
    - ablaze
    - aboard
    - about
    - about-face
    - about-turn
    - above
    - abreast
    - abroad
    - abrupt
    - absence
    - absent
    - absolve
    - absorb
    - abstain
    - abstract
    - abundance
    - abuse
    - AC
    - accepted
    - access road
    - accident
    - accidental
    - acclaim
    - accommodate
    - accommodation
    - accomplished
    - accomplishment
    - accordance
    - account
    - account for
    - accountable
    - accumulation
    - accuracy
    - accurate
    - accurately
    - accuse
    - accused
    - accusingly
    - accustom
    - ache
    - Achilles heel
    - aching
    - acid test
    * * *
    1. [posesión, pertenencia] of;
    el automóvil de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car;
    es de ella it's hers;
    la maleta es de Eva the suitcase is Eva's o belongs to Eva;
    el padre de la niña the girl's father;
    el director de la empresa the manager of the company, the company's manager;
    la boda o [m5] el casamiento de un amigo de mi hermano the wedding of a friend of my brother's, a friend of my brother's wedding;
    un equipo de segunda división a second division team;
    la comida del gato the cat's food;
    el título de la novela the novel's title, the title of the novel;
    la pata de la mesa the table leg;
    una subida de precios a price rise;
    los señores de Navarro Mr and Mrs Navarro
    2. [procedencia, distancia] from;
    salir de casa to leave home;
    soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao;
    no soy de aquí I'm not from round here;
    de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 metres from the beach to the apartment;
    estamos a 10 kilómetros de Buenos Aires we're 10 kilometres away from Buenos Aires;
    el rey de España the king of Spain;
    tuvo dos hijos de su primera esposa he had two children by his first wife;
    b de Barcelona [deletreando] b for Barcelona
    3. [en razonamiento]
    de su sonrisa se deduce que todo ha ido bien you can tell from o by her smile that it all went well;
    del resultado del experimento concluyo que la fórmula no funciona I infer from the result of the experiment that the formula doesn't work
    4. [con nombre en aposición]
    la ciudad de Caracas the city of Caracas;
    el túnel del Canal the Channel Tunnel;
    el signo de tauro the sign of Taurus;
    el puerto de Cartagena the port of Cartagena
    5. [en descripciones]
    una película de terror a horror movie o Br film;
    la señora de verde the lady in green;
    el chico de la coleta the boy with the ponytail;
    una actriz de veinte años a twenty-year-old actress;
    ¿de qué tamaño? what size?;
    un político de fiar a trustworthy politician
    6. [materia] (made) of;
    un vaso de plástico a plastic cup;
    un reloj de oro a gold watch;
    una mesa de madera a wooden table
    7. [contenido]
    un vaso de agua a glass of water;
    un plato de lentejas a plate of lentils
    8. [precio]
    he comprado las peras de 80 céntimos el kilo I bought the pears that were 80 cents a kilo;
    un sello de 50 céntimos a 50-cent stamp
    9. [uso]
    una bici de carreras a racing bike;
    ropa de deporte sportswear;
    una máquina de coser a sewing machine;
    esta sartén es la del pescado y ésta la de las tortillas this frying pan's for fish and this one's for omelettes
    10. [asunto] about;
    hablábamos de ti we were talking about you;
    libros de historia history books
    11. [en calidad de] as;
    trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman;
    aparece de cosaco he appears as a Cossack, he plays a Cossack;
    estás muy guapa de uniforme you look very pretty in uniform;
    al desfile de carnaval iré de Napoleón I'll go as Napoleon in the carnival parade
    12. [tiempo] [desde] from;
    [durante] in;
    trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five;
    vivió en Bolivia de 1975 a 1983 she lived in Bolivia between 1975 and 1983, she lived in Bolivia from 1975 to 1983;
    de madrugada early in the morning;
    a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon;
    trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day;
    es de día it's daytime;
    de niño solía jugar en la calle as a child I used to play in the street;
    ¿qué quieres ser de mayor? what do you want to be when you grow up?;
    un compañero del colegio a friend from school;
    Urug
    de mañana/tarde in the morning/afternoon;
    Urug
    de noche at night;
    Urug
    ayer salimos de noche we went out last night
    13. [causa] with;
    morirse de hambre to die of hunger;
    llorar de alegría to cry with joy;
    temblar de miedo to tremble with fear;
    eso es de fumar tanto that's what comes from smoking so much
    14. [manera, modo] with;
    de una patada with a kick;
    rompió el cristal de una pedrada he shattered the window with a stone;
    de una sola vez in one go;
    lo bebió de un trago he drank it down in one go;
    de tres en tres/cuatro en cuatro/ etc[m5]. three/four/ etc at a time;
    CSur
    de a tres/cuatro/ etc[m5]. in threes/fours/ etc;
    de fácil manejo user-friendly;
    ponerse de rodillas to kneel down
    15. [con valor partitivo] of;
    uno de los nuestros one of ours;
    varios de nosotros several of us;
    ¿quién de vosotros sabe la respuesta? which of you knows the answer?
    16. Literario [sobre]
    de la paz y la guerra of war and peace
    17. [en valoración]
    lo tacharon de vulgar they branded him as vulgar, they accused him of being vulgar
    18. [en lugar de]
    yo de ti no lo haría I wouldn't do it if I were you;
    yo de Eduardo le pediría perdón if I were Eduardo, I'd say sorry to her
    19. [en comparaciones]
    más/menos de… more/less than…;
    [con superlativos]
    el mejor de todos the best of all;
    el más importante del mundo the most important in the world;
    la peor película del año the worst film this year o of the year;
    la impresora más moderna del mercado the most up-to-date printer on the market
    20. (antes de infinitivo) [condición] if;
    de querer ayudarme, lo haría if she wanted to help me, she'd do it;
    de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it;
    de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday
    21. (después de adjetivo y antes de sustantivo) [enfatiza cualidad]
    el idiota de tu hermano your stupid brother;
    la buena de Susana good old Susana;
    ¡pobre de mí! poor me!
    22. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo)
    es difícil de creer it's hard to believe;
    una velada imposible de olvidar an unforgettable evening
    23. (después del verbo “haber”) [obligación]
    he de trabajar más I have to work harder;
    has de gastar menos you should spend less
    24. (antes de complemento agente)
    una película de Buñuel a film by Buñuel, a Buñuel film;
    vino acompañado de su familia he was accompanied by his family
    25. (antes de adverbio de lugar)
    el apartamento de abajo the downstairs Br flat o US apartment;
    la fila de delante the front row
    de no loc conj
    Am otherwise;
    dime la verdad, de no te castigaré tell me the truth, otherwise I'm going to punish you
    * * *
    de
    prp
    1 origen from;
    de Nueva York from New York;
    de … a from … to
    2 posesión of;
    el coche de mi amigo my friend’s car
    3 material (made) of;
    un anillo de oro a gold ring
    4 contenido of;
    un vaso de agua a glass of water
    :
    una mujer de 20 años a 20 year old woman
    6 causa with;
    temblaba de miedo she was shaking with fear
    :
    de noche at night, by night;
    de día by day
    8 en calidad de as;
    trabajar de albañil work as a bricklayer;
    de niño as a child
    9 agente by;
    de Goya by Goya
    10 condición if;
    de haberlo sabido if I’d known
    :
    la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima
    * * *
    de prep
    1) : of
    la casa de Pepe: Pepe's house
    un niño de tres años: a three-year-old boy
    2) : from
    es de Managua: she's from Managua
    salió del edificio: he left the building
    3) : in, at
    a las tres de la mañana: at three in the morning
    salen de noche: they go out at night
    4) : than
    más de tres: more than three
    dar
    * * *
    de prep
    5. (materia, tema)
    6. (origen, procedencia) from
    7. (descripción) with / in
    8. (agente) by
    10. (con números, una parte) than / of

    Spanish-English dictionary > de

  • 16 mucho

    adj.
    a lot of, too much, much, plenty of.
    adv.
    1 a lot, much, very much, a great deal.
    2 very often, too often.
    m.
    a great deal, quite much, much, a lot.
    * * *
    1 (singular - en afirmativas) a lot of; (- en negativas, interrogativas) a lot of, much
    no tiene mucho dinero he hasn't got a lot of/much money
    ¿nos queda mucha gasolina? have we got a lot of/much petrol left?
    2 (plural - en afirmativas) a lot of, lots of; (- en negativas, interrogativas) a lot of, many
    no hay muchas copas there aren't a lot of/many glasses
    ¿tienes muchos libros? have you got a lot of/many books?
    hace mucho calor/frío it's very hot/cold
    tengo mucha hambre/sed I'm very hungry/thirsty
    3 (demasiado - singular) too much; (- plural) too many
    1 (singular) a lot, much; (plural) a lot, many
    1 (de cantidad) a lot, much
    mucho mejor/peor much better/worse
    ¿te ha gustado la película? --sí, mucho did you like the film? --yes, very much
    ¿estaba buena la comida? --sí, mucho was the food good? --yes, very good
    mucho antes/después much earlier/later
    \
    como mucho at the most
    con mucho by far
    muy mucho familiar very much so
    ni con mucho nowhere near as
    ni mucho menos far from
    por mucho que however much
    * * *
    1. (f. - mucha)
    adj.
    many, much, a lot of, plenty of
    2. adv.
    much, a lot
    - con mucho
    - mucho tiempo
    3. (f. - mucha)
    pron.
    many, much, a lot
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [en singular] [en oraciones afirmativas] a lot of, lots of; [en oraciones interrogativas y negativas] a lot of, much

    tengo mucho dineroI have a lot of o lots of money

    había mucha gentethere were a lot of o lots of people there

    ¿tienes mucho trabajo? — do you have a lot of o much work?

    2) [en plural] [en oraciones afirmativas] a lot of, lots of; [en oraciones interrogativas y negativas] a lot of, many

    muchas personas creen que noa lot of o lots of people don't think so

    ¿había muchos niños en el parque? — were there a lot of o many children in the park?

    3) * [con singular colectivo]

    había mucho borrachothere were a lot of o lots of drunks there

    hay mucho tonto sueltothere are a lot of o lots of idiots around

    mucho beso, pero luego me critica por la espalda — she's all kisses, but then she criticizes me behind my back

    4) (=demasiado)

    es mucha mujer para ti* that woman is too much for you

    esta es mucha casa para nosotros* this house is too big for us

    2. PRON
    1) [en singular]
    a) [en frases afirmativas] a lot, lots; [en frases interrogativas y negativas] a lot, much

    ¿has aprendido mucho en este trabajo? — have you learnt a lot o much from this job?

    -¿cuánto vino queda? -mucho — "how much wine is left?" - "a lot" o "lots"

    b) [referido a tiempo] long

    ¿te vas a quedar mucho? — are you staying long?

    ¿falta mucho para llegar? — will it be long till we arrive?

    -¿cuánto nos queda para acabar? -mucho — "how long till we finish?" - "ages"

    hace mucho que no salgo a bailarit's a long time o ages since I went out dancing

    2) [en plural] [en frases afirmativas] a lot, lots; [en frases interrogativas y negativas] a lot, many

    son muchos los que no quierenthere are a lot o lots who don't want to

    muchos dicen que... — a lot of o lots of o many people say that...

    muchos de los ausentesmany of o a lot of those absent

    -¿hay manzanas? -sí, pero no muchas — "are there any apples?" - "yes, but not many o not a lot"

    ¿vinieron muchos? — did many o a lot of people come?

    -¿cuántos había? -muchos — "how many were there?" - "a lot" o "lots"

    3. ADV
    1) (=en gran cantidad) a lot

    me gusta mucho el jazz — I really like jazz, I like jazz a lot

    sí señor, me gusta y mucho — I do indeed like it and I like it a lot

    - son 75 euros -es mucho — "that will be 75 euros" - "that's a lot"

    lo siento muchoI'm very o really sorry

    ¡mucho lo sientes tú! — * a fat lot you care! *

    mucho anteslong before

    mucho másmuch o a lot more

    mucho menosmuch o a lot less

    muy mucho, se guardará muy mucho de hacerlo — * he'll jolly well be careful not to do it *

    si no es mucho pedirif that's not asking too much

    pensárselo mucho, se lo pensó mucho antes de contestar — he thought long and hard about it before replying

    mucho peormuch o a lot worse

    2) [en respuestas]

    -¿estás cansado? -¡mucho! — "are you tired?" - "I certainly am!"

    -¿te gusta? -no mucho — "do you like it?" - "not really"

    3) [otras locuciones]

    como mucho — at (the) most

    con mucho — by far, far and away

    fue, con mucho, el mejor — he was by far the best, he was far and away the best

    no se puede comparar, ni con mucho, a ninguna de nuestras ideas — it bears no comparison at all o you can't begin to compare it with any of our ideas

    cuando mucho — frm at (the) most

    tener a algn en mucho — to think highly of sb

    ni mucho menos, Juan no es ni mucho menos el que era — Juan is nothing like the man he was

    mi intención no era insultarte, ni mucho menos — I in no way intended to insult you, I didn't intend to insult you, far from it

    por mucho que, por mucho que estudies — however hard you study

    por mucho que lo quieras no debes mimarlo — no matter how much you love him, you shouldn't spoil him

    * * *
    I
    a) <salir/ayudar> a lot

    me gusta muchísimo — I like it/her/him very much o a lot

    ¿llueve mucho? — is it raining hard?

    ¿estás preocupado? - mucho — are you worried? - (yes, I am,) very

    ¿te gusta? - sí, mucho — do you like it? - yes, very much; para locs ver mucho III 3)

    II
    - cha adjetivo
    1)
    a) (sing) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of

    ¿tienes mucha hambre? — are you very hungry?

    b) (pl) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of

    ¿recibiste muchos regalos? — did you get many o a lot of presents?

    2) (sing)
    a) (fam) ( con valor plural)
    III
    - cha pronombre
    1) (refiriéndose a cantidad, número)

    mucho de lo que ha dichomuch o a lot of what he has said

    muchos creen que... — many (people) believe that...

    2) mucho ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a long time

    ¿falta mucho para llegar? — are we nearly there?

    ¿tuviste que esperar mucho? — did you have to wait long?

    con mucho — by far, easily

    no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos — he isn't a good pianist, far from it

    * * *
    = heavily, much, widely, a great deal, eminent + Nombre, utmost, vitally + Verbo, plenty, to any great degree, severely, lots of, rather a lot, numerable, a whole lot (of), a great deal of, a good deal of, greatly, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], extensively, a barrel/barrow load of monkeys, bags of.
    Ex. Regular overhaul of guiding is important, especially for the new user who may rely heavily upon it.
    Ex. Although the 1949 code was much longer than its predecessor, the 1908 code, it only contained rules pertaining to headings.
    Ex. An aggressive approach is made to publicity, with posters and leaflets distributed widely, visits to local shops, post offices, doctors surgeries etc, to drum up business, and the use of volunteers to hand out leaflets at street corners = Se inicia una campaña de publicidad enérgica, distribuyendo de forma general folletos y pósteres, visitando las tiendas, oficinas de correos y consultorías médicas de la localidad, etc., para promocionar el negocio, además de utilizar voluntarios para distribuir prospectos por las esquinas de las calles.
    Ex. Thus charwomen and porters in a university work in an institution where books are used a great deal but they themselves are highly unlikely to use them.
    Ex. 'I think it makes eminent sense, for the reasons I've outlined,' he said and started toward the door.
    Ex. Indeed, he must take the utmost care never to jump to conclusions.
    Ex. Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.
    Ex. One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.
    Ex. Consumer advice centres were not used to any great degree by the working classes or those groups most at risk as consumers -- the elderly, divorced, widowed and separated.
    Ex. Pressure on space will create the desire on the part of the editor to limit severely the length any paper being published.
    Ex. Though reference work is the backbone of their task, they do lots of things that are not reference work.
    Ex. Carlyle has been dead nearly a hundred years, but many an academic would like to agree with Carlyle even if, perhaps, universities have changed rather a lot since his day.
    Ex. During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.
    Ex. For the libraries in Belgium CD-ROM offers a new range of possibilities and a whole lot of reference works will be searchable and much more used.
    Ex. As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.
    Ex. There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.
    Ex. The computer can greatly assist in thesaurus compilation and updating.
    Ex. The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.
    Ex. In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.
    Ex. Fiction classifications are used extensively in public libraries.
    Ex. The landlord is as mad as a barrel load of monkeys, but a fine man and ex-soldier.
    Ex. His colleagues would say he's as daft as a brush, has bags of energy and enthusiasm but gets the job done.
    ----
    * a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.
    * afectar mucho = hit + hard.
    * Algo a lo que hay que dedicar mucho tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * andarse con mucho cuidado = walk on + eggshells, tread + the thin line between... and.
    * andarse con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * arriesgar mucho = play (for) + high stakes.
    * avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.
    * bajar mucho = go + way down.
    * beber mucho = drink + heavily.
    * bebida alcohólica con muchos grados = hard drink, hard liquor.
    * cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.
    * causar muchas víctimas = take + a toll on life.
    * como mucho = at best, at most, if at all, at the most, at the very latest.
    * conceder mucha importancia a = lay + great store on.
    * con mucha antelación = far in advance.
    * con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha diferencia = by far.
    * con mucha energía = high energy.
    * con mucha frecuencia = very often.
    * con mucha información = populated.
    * con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-talking.
    * con mucha palabrería = glibly.
    * con mucha población = heavily populated.
    * con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.
    * con muchas actividades = event-filled.
    * con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.
    * con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.
    * con muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.
    * con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].
    * con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.
    * con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.
    * con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].
    * con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.
    * con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.
    * con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].
    * con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.
    * con muchos detalles = elaborately.
    * con muchos eventos = event-filled.
    * con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].
    * con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.
    * con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho trabajo = painfully.
    * conseguir mucho = do + much.
    * contener mucho = be high in.
    * costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.
    * dar mucha importancia = put + a premium on.
    * dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.
    * dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.
    * darse (muchos) aires = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.
    * decir mucho de Algo = speak + volumes.
    * de hace muchos años = long-standing.
    * de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-term, long-lost.
    * dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.
    * demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.
    * de muchas formas = in more ways than one.
    * de muchas maneras = in every way.
    * de mucho arraigo = long-established.
    * de mucho beneficio = high-payoff.
    * de mucho cuidado = badass.
    * de mucho provecho = high-payoff.
    * de muchos usos = all-purpose.
    * desde hace muchos años = for years.
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.
    * desempeñando muchas funciones = in many capacities.
    * destacar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).
    * día de mucho calor = scorcher.
    * donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.
    * durante el transcurso de muchos años = over many years.
    * durante muchas horas = for many long hours.
    * durante muchos años = for many years, for years to come, for many years to come, over many years, for years and years (and years).
    * durante mucho tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], for generations, long-time [longtime], for a long time to come, for long periods of time, for a long period of time, lastingly, for a very long time, for many long hours, for a long time, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * durar mucho = last + long.
    * durar mucho rato = take + a long time.
    * durar mucho tiempo = last + long.
    * echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.
    * echar mucho en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.
    * el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * en muchos aspectos = in most respects.
    * en muchos casos = in many instances.
    * en muchos grupos = in many quarters.
    * en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sectores = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sectores de la población = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.
    * escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.
    * existen de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.
    * existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....
    * faltar mucho = be a long way off.
    * faltar mucho (para) = there + be + a long way to go (before), have + a long way to go (before).
    * fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.
    * ganar mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.
    * guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.
    * guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.
    * gustar mucho = come up + a treat, go down + a treat.
    * gustar mucho las mujeres = womanise [womanize, -USA].
    * gustar mucho lo dulce = have + a sweet tooth.
    * haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.
    * haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.
    * haber viajado mucho = be well-travelled.
    * hace muchas lunas = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.
    * hace muchos años = many years ago.
    * hace mucho tiempo = long since, all those many moons ago, many moons ago.
    * hacer mucho = do + much.
    * hacer mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.
    * hacer mucho por = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.
    * hacer muchos aspavientos por Algo = make + a song and dance about.
    * hace ya mucho tiempo que = gone are the days of.
    * hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.
    * ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * la mayoría con mucho = the vast majority of.
    * llenar mucho = be filling.
    * lo mucho que = how extensively.
    * mucha gente + esperar que = be widely expected.
    * muchas ganancias = high return.
    * Muchas gracias = Thank you very much.
    * muchas horas = long hours.
    * muchas otras cosas = much else.
    * muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.
    * mucha suerte = best of luck.
    * muchas veces = multiple times.
    * mucho + Adjetivo = very much + Adjetivo, significantly + Adjetivo.
    * mucho antes = early on.
    * mucho antes de = well before.
    * mucho + Comparativo = a good deal + Comparativo.
    * mucho dinero = big bucks.
    * mucho esfuerzo = hard work.
    * mucho interés = keen interest.
    * mucho más = order of magnitude, much more, much more so, a lot more, lots more.
    * mucho más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo, far + Adjetivo Comparativo.
    * mucho más + Adverbio/Adjetivo = far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo, far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo.
    * mucho más allá de = far beyond.
    * mucho más cerca = far closer.
    * mucho más de = well over + Expresión Numérica.
    * mucho más rápido = far faster.
    * mucho mayor = far greater, far larger, very much greater.
    * mucho mejor = far better.
    * mucho mejor que = far superior to.
    * mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.
    * mucho menos + Adjetivo = far + Adjetivo Comparativo.
    * mucho + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre, bleeding + Adjetivo/Nombre.
    * mucho peor = far worse.
    * mucho que + Infinitivo = a lot + Infinitivo.
    * mucho ruido y pocas nueces = much ado about nothing, storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.
    * muchos = many, good many, many a(n).
    * muchos beneficios = high return.
    * muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.
    * muchos más = a great many more.
    * muchos + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre.
    * mucho tiempo = long time, long periods of time, a very long time, long hours, ample time, for a long time.
    * mucho tiempo antes de (que) = long before.
    * mucho tiempo después = ages and ages hence.
    * mucho tiempo después (de que) = long after.
    * mucho trabajo = hard graft.
    * ni con mucho = not by a long shot.
    * ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.
    * no estar finalizado (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + completeness.
    * no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no hace mucho = in the recent past.
    * no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.
    * Nombre + no tardará mucho en = it won't be long before + Nombre.
    * Nombre + no tardó mucho en = it wasn't long before + Nombre.
    * no mucho después = not long after.
    * no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.
    * no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.
    * no perderse mucho = be no great loss.
    * pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.
    * pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.
    * persona con mucha ambición = social climber.
    * persona que ha viajado mucho = seasoned traveller.
    * poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empe = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.
    * poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.
    * por muchas razones = in many ways.
    * por mucho que lo + intentar = try as + Pronombre + might.
    * por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.
    * por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.
    * prometer mucho = promise + great possibilities, bode + well.
    * que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.
    * que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive.
    * que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.
    * quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).
    * quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.
    * quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.
    * quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.
    * que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.
    * que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.
    * que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.
    * que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.
    * que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.
    * que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.
    * quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.
    * resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).
    * saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * ser de mucho uso = take + Nombre + a long way.
    * ser mucho = be a mouthful.
    * ser mucho más = be all the more.
    * ser mucho más que = be far more than.
    * sin mucha antelación = at short notice.
    * sin mucha anticipación = at short notice.
    * sin mucha dificultad = painlessly.
    * sin muchas contemplaciones = unceremoniously.
    * sin muchos inconvenientes = without much grudging.
    * sin pensarlo mucho = off the top of + Posesivo + head.
    * sorprenderse mucho = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.
    * tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.
    * tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.
    * tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.
    * tener mucho carácter = be full of character.
    * tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.
    * tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.
    * tener mucho interés por = be keen to.
    * tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.
    * tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.
    * trabajando mucho = hard at work.
    * trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * trabajar mucho = work + hard.
    * usuario que hace mucho uso del préstamo = heavy borrower.
    * venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.
    * Verbo + mucho = Verbo + hard.
    * y cuanto mucho menos = much less.
    * y mucho más = and much more.
    * y mucho menos = much less, least of all.
    * y mucho(s) más = and more.
    * * *
    I
    a) <salir/ayudar> a lot

    me gusta muchísimo — I like it/her/him very much o a lot

    ¿llueve mucho? — is it raining hard?

    ¿estás preocupado? - mucho — are you worried? - (yes, I am,) very

    ¿te gusta? - sí, mucho — do you like it? - yes, very much; para locs ver mucho III 3)

    II
    - cha adjetivo
    1)
    a) (sing) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of

    ¿tienes mucha hambre? — are you very hungry?

    b) (pl) a lot of; ( en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of

    ¿recibiste muchos regalos? — did you get many o a lot of presents?

    2) (sing)
    a) (fam) ( con valor plural)
    III
    - cha pronombre
    1) (refiriéndose a cantidad, número)

    mucho de lo que ha dichomuch o a lot of what he has said

    muchos creen que... — many (people) believe that...

    2) mucho ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a long time

    ¿falta mucho para llegar? — are we nearly there?

    ¿tuviste que esperar mucho? — did you have to wait long?

    con mucho — by far, easily

    no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos — he isn't a good pianist, far from it

    * * *
    = heavily, much, widely, a great deal, eminent + Nombre, utmost, vitally + Verbo, plenty, to any great degree, severely, lots of, rather a lot, numerable, a whole lot (of), a great deal of, a good deal of, greatly, wide [wider -comp., widest -sup.], broad [broader -comp., broadest -sup.], extensively, a barrel/barrow load of monkeys, bags of.

    Ex: Regular overhaul of guiding is important, especially for the new user who may rely heavily upon it.

    Ex: Although the 1949 code was much longer than its predecessor, the 1908 code, it only contained rules pertaining to headings.
    Ex: An aggressive approach is made to publicity, with posters and leaflets distributed widely, visits to local shops, post offices, doctors surgeries etc, to drum up business, and the use of volunteers to hand out leaflets at street corners = Se inicia una campaña de publicidad enérgica, distribuyendo de forma general folletos y pósteres, visitando las tiendas, oficinas de correos y consultorías médicas de la localidad, etc., para promocionar el negocio, además de utilizar voluntarios para distribuir prospectos por las esquinas de las calles.
    Ex: Thus charwomen and porters in a university work in an institution where books are used a great deal but they themselves are highly unlikely to use them.
    Ex: 'I think it makes eminent sense, for the reasons I've outlined,' he said and started toward the door.
    Ex: Indeed, he must take the utmost care never to jump to conclusions.
    Ex: Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.
    Ex: One of the great glories of books is that there are plenty to suit everybody, no matter what our taste, our mood, our intellectual ability, age or living experience.
    Ex: Consumer advice centres were not used to any great degree by the working classes or those groups most at risk as consumers -- the elderly, divorced, widowed and separated.
    Ex: Pressure on space will create the desire on the part of the editor to limit severely the length any paper being published.
    Ex: Though reference work is the backbone of their task, they do lots of things that are not reference work.
    Ex: Carlyle has been dead nearly a hundred years, but many an academic would like to agree with Carlyle even if, perhaps, universities have changed rather a lot since his day.
    Ex: During the past decade both groups have developed numerable measures to assess creative potential.
    Ex: For the libraries in Belgium CD-ROM offers a new range of possibilities and a whole lot of reference works will be searchable and much more used.
    Ex: As earlier sections amply demonstrate, there is a great deal of choice with regards to data bases.
    Ex: There is a good deal of scope for users and novice cataloguers to find difficulty in identifying the appropriate heading for many of the works which are the responsibility of corporate bodies.
    Ex: The computer can greatly assist in thesaurus compilation and updating.
    Ex: The method is sufficiently flexible to allow for wide modifications.
    Ex: In 'upper town' streets are broad, quiet, and tree-shaded; the homes are tall and heavy and look like battleships, each anchored in its private sea of grass.
    Ex: Fiction classifications are used extensively in public libraries.
    Ex: The landlord is as mad as a barrel load of monkeys, but a fine man and ex-soldier.
    Ex: His colleagues would say he's as daft as a brush, has bags of energy and enthusiasm but gets the job done.
    * a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.
    * afectar mucho = hit + hard.
    * Algo a lo que hay que dedicar mucho tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * andarse con mucho cuidado = walk on + eggshells, tread + the thin line between... and.
    * andarse con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * arriesgar mucho = play (for) + high stakes.
    * avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.
    * bajar mucho = go + way down.
    * beber mucho = drink + heavily.
    * bebida alcohólica con muchos grados = hard drink, hard liquor.
    * cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.
    * causar muchas víctimas = take + a toll on life.
    * como mucho = at best, at most, if at all, at the most, at the very latest.
    * conceder mucha importancia a = lay + great store on.
    * con mucha antelación = far in advance.
    * con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha diferencia = by far.
    * con mucha energía = high energy.
    * con mucha frecuencia = very often.
    * con mucha información = populated.
    * con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-talking.
    * con mucha palabrería = glibly.
    * con mucha población = heavily populated.
    * con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.
    * con muchas actividades = event-filled.
    * con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.
    * con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.
    * con muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.
    * con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].
    * con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.
    * con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.
    * con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].
    * con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.
    * con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.
    * con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].
    * con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.
    * con muchos detalles = elaborately.
    * con muchos eventos = event-filled.
    * con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].
    * con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.
    * con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho trabajo = painfully.
    * conseguir mucho = do + much.
    * contener mucho = be high in.
    * costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.
    * dar mucha importancia = put + a premium on.
    * dar mucho en qué pensar = give + Nombre + much to think about, give + Nombre + a lot to think about.
    * dar mucho valor a Algo = value + Nombre + highly.
    * darse (muchos) aires = give + Reflexivo + such airs, aggrandise + Reflexivo.
    * decir mucho de Algo = speak + volumes.
    * de hace muchos años = long-standing.
    * de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-term, long-lost.
    * dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.
    * demandar mucho esfuerzo por parte de Alguien = tax + Posesivo + imagination.
    * de muchas formas = in more ways than one.
    * de muchas maneras = in every way.
    * de mucho arraigo = long-established.
    * de mucho beneficio = high-payoff.
    * de mucho cuidado = badass.
    * de mucho provecho = high-payoff.
    * de muchos usos = all-purpose.
    * desde hace muchos años = for years.
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.
    * desempeñando muchas funciones = in many capacities.
    * destacar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).
    * día de mucho calor = scorcher.
    * donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.
    * durante el transcurso de muchos años = over many years.
    * durante muchas horas = for many long hours.
    * durante muchos años = for many years, for years to come, for many years to come, over many years, for years and years (and years).
    * durante mucho tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], for generations, long-time [longtime], for a long time to come, for long periods of time, for a long period of time, lastingly, for a very long time, for many long hours, for a long time, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * durar mucho = last + long.
    * durar mucho rato = take + a long time.
    * durar mucho tiempo = last + long.
    * echar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.
    * echar mucho en falta = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.
    * el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * en muchos aspectos = in most respects.
    * en muchos casos = in many instances.
    * en muchos grupos = in many quarters.
    * en muchos grupos de la población = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sectores = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sectores de la población = in many quarters.
    * en muchos sentidos = in many ways, in many respects, in most respects, in more ways than one.
    * escribir mucho sobre Algo = a lot + be written about, much + be written about.
    * existen de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.
    * existir mucha diferencia entre... y... = be a far cry from... to....
    * faltar mucho = be a long way off.
    * faltar mucho (para) = there + be + a long way to go (before), have + a long way to go (before).
    * fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.
    * ganar mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.
    * guardar con mucho cariño = treasure.
    * guardar muchas esperanzas = get + Posesivo + hopes up.
    * gustar mucho = come up + a treat, go down + a treat.
    * gustar mucho las mujeres = womanise [womanize, -USA].
    * gustar mucho lo dulce = have + a sweet tooth.
    * haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.
    * haber recorrido mucho mundo = be well-travelled.
    * haber viajado mucho = be well-travelled.
    * hace muchas lunas = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.
    * hace muchos años = many years ago.
    * hace mucho tiempo = long since, all those many moons ago, many moons ago.
    * hacer mucho = do + much.
    * hacer mucho dinero = make + good money, earn + good money.
    * hacer mucho por = go + a long way (towards/to/in) + Gerundio.
    * hacer muchos aspavientos por Algo = make + a song and dance about.
    * hace ya mucho tiempo que = gone are the days of.
    * hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.
    * ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.
    * la mayoría con mucho = the vast majority of.
    * llenar mucho = be filling.
    * lo mucho que = how extensively.
    * mucha gente + esperar que = be widely expected.
    * muchas ganancias = high return.
    * Muchas gracias = Thank you very much.
    * muchas horas = long hours.
    * muchas otras cosas = much else.
    * muchas otras cosas más = much else besides.
    * mucha suerte = best of luck.
    * muchas veces = multiple times.
    * mucho + Adjetivo = very much + Adjetivo, significantly + Adjetivo.
    * mucho antes = early on.
    * mucho antes de = well before.
    * mucho + Comparativo = a good deal + Comparativo.
    * mucho dinero = big bucks.
    * mucho esfuerzo = hard work.
    * mucho interés = keen interest.
    * mucho más = order of magnitude, much more, much more so, a lot more, lots more.
    * mucho más + Adjetivo = all the more + Adjetivo, far + Adjetivo Comparativo.
    * mucho más + Adverbio/Adjetivo = far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo, far more + Adverbio/Adjetivo.
    * mucho más allá de = far beyond.
    * mucho más cerca = far closer.
    * mucho más de = well over + Expresión Numérica.
    * mucho más rápido = far faster.
    * mucho mayor = far greater, far larger, very much greater.
    * mucho mejor = far better.
    * mucho mejor que = far superior to.
    * mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.
    * mucho menos + Adjetivo = far + Adjetivo Comparativo.
    * mucho + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre, bleeding + Adjetivo/Nombre.
    * mucho peor = far worse.
    * mucho que + Infinitivo = a lot + Infinitivo.
    * mucho ruido y pocas nueces = much ado about nothing, storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.
    * muchos = many, good many, many a(n).
    * muchos beneficios = high return.
    * muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.
    * muchos más = a great many more.
    * muchos + Nombre = a lot of + Nombre.
    * mucho tiempo = long time, long periods of time, a very long time, long hours, ample time, for a long time.
    * mucho tiempo antes de (que) = long before.
    * mucho tiempo después = ages and ages hence.
    * mucho tiempo después (de que) = long after.
    * mucho trabajo = hard graft.
    * ni con mucho = not by a long shot.
    * ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.
    * no estar finalizado (con mucho) = fall (far) short of + completeness.
    * no existir muchos indicios de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no haber muchas señales de que = there + be + little sign of.
    * no hace mucho = in the recent past.
    * no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.
    * Nombre + no tardará mucho en = it won't be long before + Nombre.
    * Nombre + no tardó mucho en = it wasn't long before + Nombre.
    * no mucho después = not long after.
    * no parar mucho en un sitio = live out of + a suitcase.
    * no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.
    * no perderse mucho = be no great loss.
    * pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.
    * pasar por muchas dificultades = be to hell and back.
    * persona con mucha ambición = social climber.
    * persona que ha viajado mucho = seasoned traveller.
    * poner mucho ahínco = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho ahínco en = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empe = put + Posesivo + heart into.
    * poner mucho empeño = try + Posesivo + heart out.
    * poner mucho empeño en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * poner mucho empeño por = take + (great) pains to.
    * poner mucho esmero por = take + (great) pains to.
    * por muchas razones = in many ways.
    * por mucho que lo + intentar = try as + Pronombre + might.
    * por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.
    * por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.
    * prometer mucho = promise + great possibilities, bode + well.
    * que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.
    * que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive.
    * que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.
    * quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).
    * quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.
    * quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.
    * quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.
    * que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.
    * que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.
    * que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.
    * que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.
    * que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.
    * que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.
    * quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.
    * resaltar con mucho sobre = stand out + head and shoulders (above/over), be head and shoulder (above/over).
    * saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.
    * ser de mucho uso = take + Nombre + a long way.
    * ser mucho = be a mouthful.
    * ser mucho más = be all the more.
    * ser mucho más que = be far more than.
    * sin mucha antelación = at short notice.
    * sin mucha anticipación = at short notice.
    * sin mucha dificultad = painlessly.
    * sin muchas contemplaciones = unceremoniously.
    * sin muchos inconvenientes = without much grudging.
    * sin pensarlo mucho = off the top of + Posesivo + head.
    * sorprenderse mucho = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.
    * tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.
    * tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.
    * tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.
    * tener mucho carácter = be full of character.
    * tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.
    * tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.
    * tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.
    * tener mucho interés por = be keen to.
    * tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.
    * tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.
    * trabajando mucho = hard at work.
    * trabajar muchas horas al día = work + long hours.
    * trabajar mucho = work + hard.
    * usuario que hace mucho uso del préstamo = heavy borrower.
    * venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.
    * Verbo + mucho = Verbo + hard.
    * y cuanto mucho menos = much less.
    * y mucho más = and much more.
    * y mucho menos = much less, least of all.
    * y mucho(s) más = and more.

    * * *
    1
    salen mucho they go out a lot
    no salen mucho they don't go out much o a lot
    ¿salen mucho? do they go out much o a lot?
    me ayudaron muchísimo they really helped me a lot
    ahora funciona mucho mejor it works much o a lot better now
    esto preocupa, y mucho, a los ecologistas this is a matter of great concern to ecologists
    trabaja mucho he works very hard
    ¿llueve mucho? is it raining hard?
    me gusta muchísimo I like it a lot o very much
    por mucho que insistas, no te va a hacer caso no matter how much you insist o however much you insist he won't listen to you
    por mucho que le grites no te oye you can shout as much as you like but he won't hear you
    después de mucho discutir llegaron a un acuerdo after long discussions, they reached an agreement
    mucho criticar a los demás pero ella tampoco hace nada por ayudar she's forever o always criticizing others but she doesn't do anything to help either
    2
    (en respuestas): ¿estás preocupado? — mucho are you worried? — (yes, I am,) very
    ¿te gusta? — sí, mucho do you like it? — yes, very much
    para locs ver mucho3 pron C. (↑ mucho (3))
    A
    1 ( sing) a lot of; (en negativas e interrogativas) much, a lot of
    tiene mucha vitamina C it contains a lot of vitamin C
    no le tienen mucho respeto they don't have much o a lot of respect for him
    había mucha gente there were lots of o a lot of people there
    sucedió hace mucho tiempo it happened a long time ago
    ¿tienes mucha hambre? are you very hungry?
    una ciudad con mucha vida nocturna a city with plenty of night life
    2 (pl) a lot of; (en negativas e interrogativas) many, a lot of
    ¿recibiste muchos regalos? did you get many o a lot of presents?
    sus muchas obligaciones le impidieron asistir his many commitments prevented him from attending
    muchos niños pasan hambre many children go hungry
    seis hijos son muchos six children's a lot
    somos muchos there are a lot of us
    B ( sing)
    1 ( fam)
    (con valor plural): mucho elogio, mucho cumplido pero no me lo van a publicar they're full of praise and compliments but they're not going to publish it
    hoy día hay mucho sinvergüenza por ahí these days there are a lot of rogues around
    2 ( fam)
    (con valor ponderativo): era mucho jugador para un equipo tan mediocre he was much too good a player for a mediocre team like that
    A
    (refiriéndose a cantidad, número): mucho de lo que ha dicho es falso much o a lot of what he has said is untrue
    tengo mucho que hacer I have a lot to do
    si no es mucho pedir if it's not too much to ask
    muchos creen que … many (people) believe that …
    muchos son los llamados pero pocos los elegidos ( Bib) many are called but few are chosen
    B
    hace mucho que no vamos al teatro we haven't been to the theater for a long time o for ages
    ¿falta mucho para llegar? are we nearly there?, is it much further?
    ¿tuviste que esperar mucho? did you have to wait long?
    mucho antes de conocerte long o a long time before I met you
    C ( en locs):
    como mucho at (the) most
    costará unos 30 dólares como mucho it probably costs about 30 dollars at (the) most
    con mucho by far, easily
    fue, con mucho, la mejor de la clase she was by far o easily the best in the class, she was the best in the class, by far
    cuando mucho at (the) most
    ni mucho menos: no pretendo aconsejarte ni mucho menos I'm in no way trying to give you advice
    no es un buen pianista ni mucho menos he isn't a good pianist, far from it
    * * *

     

    mucho 1 adverbio
    a)salir/ayudar a lot;

    trabajar hard;
    no salen mucho they don't go out much o a lot;

    me gusta muchísimo I like it very much o a lot;
    mucho mejor a lot better;
    por mucho que insistas no matter how much you insist;
    después de mucho discutir after much discussion

    ¿estás preocupado? — mucho are you worried? — (yes, I am,) very;

    ¿te gusta? — sí, mucho do you like it? — yes, very much
    mucho 2
    ◊ - cha adjetivo

    a) ( sing) a lot of;

    (en oraciones negativas, interrogativas) much, a lot of;

    no gano mucho dinero I don't earn much o a lot of money;
    ¿ves mucha televisión? do you watch much o a lot of television;
    tiene mucha hambre he's very hungry
    b) (pl) many, a lot of;

    había muchos extranjeros/muchas personas allí there were many o a lot of foreigners/people there;

    hace muchos años many years ago
    ■ pronombre
    1 ( referido a cantidad)
    a) ( sing) a lot;

    ( en oraciones negativas) much;

    tengo mucho que hacer I have a lot to do;
    eso no es mucho that's not much;
    no queda mucha there isn't much left
    b) (pl) many;

    muchos creen que … many (people) believe that …;

    muchos de nosotros many of us
    2
    mucho



    ¿te falta mucho para terminar? will it take you long to finish?;
    mucho antes long before;
    ¿tuviste que esperar mucho? did you have to wait long?
    b) ( en locs)


    con mucho by far, easily;
    ni mucho menos far from it;
    por mucho que … however much …
    mucho,-a
    I adj indef
    1 (abundante, numeroso) (en frases afirmativas) a lot of, lots of
    mucha comida, a lot of food
    muchos animales, lots of animals
    (en frases negativas) much, many pl: no queda mucho azúcar, there isn't much sugar left
    no conozco muchos sitios, I don't know many places
    2 (intenso) very: tengo mucho calor/miedo, I'm very hot/scared
    hizo mucho esfuerzo, he made a great effort
    3 (demasiado) es mucha responsabilidad, it's too much responsibility
    II pron
    1 a lot, a great deal, many: muchos fuimos al baile, many/lots of us went to the dance
    muchos de nosotros/vosotros, many of us/you
    de ésos tengo muchos, I've got lots of those
    III adverbio
    1 (cantidad) a lot, very much: me arrepentí mucho, I was very sorry
    2 (tiempo) hace mucho que desapareció, he went missing a long time ago
    hace mucho que estamos aquí, we have been here for a long time
    (a menudo) often: vamos mucho al cine, we go to the cinema quite often
    ♦ Locuciones: como mucho, at the most
    con mucho, by far
    ¡ni mucho menos!, no way!
    por mucho (que), however much
    Recuerda que el singular es much, el plural es many, y que estas dos palabras se suelen usar en frases negativas (no tengo demasiado tiempo, I haven't got much time), mientras que a lot (of) y lots (of) se encuentran en frases afirmativas: Tengo mucho dinero. I've got a lot of/lots of money. En frases interrogativas se usa tanto much y many como a lot o lots of: ¿Tienes mucho dinero?, Have you got much/ a lot of/lots of money? Sin embargo, en preguntas que empiezan por how sólo puedes emplear much o many: ¿Cuánto dinero tienes?, How much money have you got?
    ' mucho' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abandonarse
    - abrigar
    - abultar
    - achicharrar
    - achicharrarse
    - acoger
    - adelantar
    - adentro
    - adorar
    - afear
    - afecta
    - afectar
    - afecto
    - agradecer
    - alejarse
    - antes
    - aparato
    - aprecio
    - aprovechar
    - ascendiente
    - avejentarse
    - avenida
    - avenido
    - bailar
    - bastante
    - boato
    - bombo
    - brío
    - cacarear
    - caché
    - cachet
    - calor
    - carácter
    - cariño
    - carrete
    - cascar
    - cervical
    - chapar
    - chiflar
    - cocerse
    - coco
    - comer
    - contraponer
    - costar
    - cuando
    - de
    - deber
    - decaer
    - decir
    - defraudar
    English:
    ability
    - ado
    - afraid
    - age
    - ago
    - agony
    - all-out
    - alone
    - anywhere
    - around
    - as
    - attract
    - attuned to
    - backlog
    - badly
    - bake
    - balance
    - be
    - best
    - booze
    - bulky
    - busywork
    - capital
    - cautious
    - chalk
    - challenging
    - charisma
    - come along
    - come into
    - commotion
    - concern
    - deal
    - dear
    - demand
    - devoted
    - difficult
    - do
    - dog days
    - doing
    - easily
    - emotional
    - enthusiastic
    - esteem
    - exhilarate
    - experience
    - extravagant
    - fancy
    - far
    - fat
    - few
    * * *
    mucho, -a
    adj
    1. [gran cantidad de] a lot of;
    comemos mucho pescado/mucha verdura we eat a lot of fish/vegetables;
    había mucha gente there were a lot of people there;
    producen muchos residuos they produce a lot of waste;
    tengo muchos más/menos amigos que tú I've got a lot more/fewer friends than you;
    no tengo mucho tiempo I haven't got much o a lot of time;
    no nos quedan muchas entradas we haven't got many o a lot of tickets left;
    ¿hay muchas cosas que hacer? are there a lot of things to do?, is there much to do?;
    no tengo muchas ganas de ir I don't really o much feel like going;
    tengo mucho sueño I'm very sleepy;
    hoy hace mucho calor it's very hot today;
    hace mucho tiempo a long time ago;
    ¡mucha suerte! the best of luck!;
    ¡muchas gracias! thank you very much!
    2. (singular) [demasiado]
    hay mucho niño aquí there are rather a lot of kids here;
    mucha sal me parece que le estás echando I think you're overdoing the salt a bit, I think you're adding a bit too much salt;
    ésta es mucha casa para mí this house is much too big for me;
    Fam
    es mucho hombre he's a real man;
    es mucho coche para un conductor novato it's far too powerful a car for an inexperienced driver;
    es mucha mujer para ti she's out of your league!;
    Fam
    mucho lujo y mucho camarero trajeado pero la comida es horrible it's all very luxurious and full of smartly dressed waiters, but the food's terrible
    pron
    (singular) a lot;
    * * *
    I adj
    1 singular a lot of, lots of; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb
    much;
    mucho tiempo a lot of time;
    no tengo mucho tiempo I don’t have a lot of time o much time;
    tengo mucho frío I am very cold;
    es mucho coche para mí this car’s too much for me
    2 plural a lot of, lots of; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb
    many;
    muchos amigos a lot of friends;
    no tengo muchos amigos I don’t have a lot of friends o many friends
    II pron
    1 singular a lot; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb
    much;
    no tengo mucho I don’t have much o a lot
    2 plural a lot; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb
    many;
    no tengo muchos I don’t have many o a lot;
    muchos creen que … a lot of people o many people think that …
    III adv
    1 a lot; en frases interrogativas y negativas tb
    much;
    ¿cuesta mucho? does it cost a lot o much?;
    nos vemos mucho we see each other often o a lot;
    hace mucho que no te veo I haven’t seen you for a long time;
    ¿dura/tarda mucho? does it last/take long?
    2
    :
    como mucho at the most;
    dan mucho de sí you can do a lot in 10 months;
    no es ni con mucho he is far from being …;
    ni mucho menos far from it;
    por mucho que however much
    * * *
    mucho adv
    1) : much, a lot
    mucho más: much more
    le gusta mucho: he likes it a lot
    2) : long, a long time
    tardó mucho en venir: he was a long time getting here
    3)
    por mucho que : no matter how much
    mucho, - cha adj
    1) : a lot of, many, much
    mucha gente: a lot of people
    hace mucho tiempo que no lo veo: I haven't seen him in ages
    2)
    muchas veces : often
    mucho, - cha pron
    1) : a lot, many, much
    hay mucho que hacer: there is a lot to do
    muchas no vinieron: many didn't come
    2)
    como mucho : at most
    3)
    con mucho : by far
    4)
    ni mucho menos : not at all, far from it
    * * *
    mucho1 adj
    1. (en general) a lot of / lots of
    ¿marcaste muchos goles? did you score many goals?
    mucho2 adv
    1. (en general) a lot
    lo siento mucho I'm very sorry / I'm really sorry
    3. (mucho tiempo) a long time
    no está acabado, ni mucho menos it is far from finished
    mucho3 pron
    3. (con plurales) many / a lot

    Spanish-English dictionary > mucho

  • 17 sparsam

    I Adj. economical; Person: auch thrifty; Einrichtung, Möblierung: scanty; sparsam sein Putzmittel etc.: auch go a long way; sparsam im Verbrauch economical; er ist sehr sparsam meist he’s (very) careful with his money; sind die Schotten wirklich so sparsam? are the Scots really so stingy?; sparsamen Gebrauch von etw. machen use s.th. sparingly, make sparing use of s.th.; sparsamer Beifall umg., fig. meag|re (Am. -er) applause
    II Adv. auftragen, verbrauchen etc.: sparingly; sparsam umgehen mit go easy on, be sparing with; mit seinen Kräften: save; mit der Energie muss sparsamer umgegangen werden we must be more economical ( oder less extravagant) in our use of energy; sparsam(er) wirtschaften economize (more), practise great(er) economy; sparsam leben live economically ( oder frugally); sparsam möbliert scantily furnished
    * * *
    thrifty; economical; sparing; scant; spare; parsimonious; frugal
    * * *
    spar|sam ['ʃpaːɐzaːm]
    1. adj
    Mensch thrifty; (= haushälterisch, wirtschaftlich) Hausfrau, Motor, Verbrauch economical

    spársam im Verbrauch — economical

    von einer Möglichkeit nur spársamen Gebrauch machen — to make little use of an opportunity

    2. adv
    leben, essen economically; verwenden sparingly

    spársam wirtschaften — to keep expenses as low as possible

    spársamer wirtschaften — to spend less money

    mit etw spársam umgehen or sein — to be economical or sparing with sth

    von etw nur spársam Gebrauch machen — to make little use of sth

    * * *
    1) (thrifty; not extravagant: This car is very economical on petrol.) economical
    2) (careful or economical.) sparing
    4) (showing thrift: a thrifty housewife.) thrifty
    * * *
    spar·sam
    [ˈʃpa:ɐ̯za:m]
    I. adj
    2. (ökonomisch) economical
    \sparsam [in etw dat] sein to be economical [in sth]
    dieses Waschmittel ist sehr \sparsam im Verbrauch this washing powder is very economical
    II. adv
    mit diesem Balsamico muss man \sparsam umgehen this balsamic vinegar should be used sparingly
    2. (ökonomisch) sparingly
    * * *
    1.
    1) thrifty < person>; (wirtschaftlich) economical

    er ist mit Worten/Lob immer sehr sparsam — (fig.) he is a man of few words/he is very sparing in his praise

    2) (fig.): (gering, wenig, klein) sparse <detail, decoration, interior, etc.>; economical <movement, manner of expression, etc.>
    2.
    1)

    sparsam mit dem Papier umgehen — use paper sparingly; economize on paper

    2) (wirtschaftlich) economically
    3) (fig.): (in geringem Maße) < use> sparingly; sparsely <decorated, furnished>
    * * *
    A. adj economical; Person: auch thrifty; Einrichtung, Möblierung: scanty;
    sparsam sein Putzmittel etc: auch go a long way;
    er ist sehr sparsam meist he’s (very) careful with his money;
    sind die Schotten wirklich so sparsam? are the Scots really so stingy?;
    sparsamen Gebrauch von etwas machen use sth sparingly, make sparing use of sth;
    sparsamer Beifall umg, fig meagre (US -er) applause
    B. adv auftragen, verbrauchen etc: sparingly;
    sparsam umgehen mit go easy on, be sparing with; mit seinen Kräften: save;
    mit der Energie muss sparsamer umgegangen werden we must be more economical ( oder less extravagant) in our use of energy;
    sparsam(er) wirtschaften economize (more), practise great(er) economy;
    sparsam leben live economically ( oder frugally);
    sparsam möbliert scantily furnished
    * * *
    1.
    1) thrifty < person>; (wirtschaftlich) economical

    er ist mit Worten/Lob immer sehr sparsam — (fig.) he is a man of few words/he is very sparing in his praise

    2) (fig.): (gering, wenig, klein) sparse <detail, decoration, interior, etc.>; economical <movement, manner of expression, etc.>
    2.
    1)

    sparsam mit dem Papier umgehen — use paper sparingly; economize on paper

    2) (wirtschaftlich) economically
    3) (fig.): (in geringem Maße) < use> sparingly; sparsely <decorated, furnished>
    * * *
    adj.
    economic adj.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > sparsam

  • 18 que

    conj.
    1 that.
    es importante que me escuches it's important that you listen to me
    que haya pérdidas no es un problema insuperable the fact that we've suffered losses isn't an insurmountable problem
    2 that.
    me ha confesado que me quiere he has told me that he loves me
    3 than.
    es más rápido que tú he's quicker than you
    antes morir que vivir la guerra I'd rather die than live through a war
    tanto me lo pidió que se lo di he asked me for it so insistently that I gave it to him
    5 so (that).
    ven aquí que te vea come over here so (that) I can see you
    quiero que lo hagas I want you to do it
    espero que te diviertas I hope (that) you have fun
    7 if.
    que no quieres hacerlo, pues no pasa nada it doesn't matter if you don't want to do it
    8 or.
    quieras que no, harás lo que yo mando you'll do what I tell you, whether you like it or not
    pron.
    1 who, that (person).
    la mujer que me saluda the woman (who o that is) waving to me
    el que me lo compró the one who bought it from me
    la moto que me gusta the motorbike (that) I like
    el hombre, que decía llamarse Simón, era bastante sospechoso the man, who said he was called Simón, seemed rather suspicious
    el que más y el que menos every last one of us, all of us without exception
    2 who, whom (person).
    el hombre que conociste ayer the man (who o whom) you met yesterday
    la persona/el lugar que estás buscando the person/the place you're looking for
    ese libro es el que me quiero comprar that book is the one (that o which) I want to buy
    * * *
    1 that
    3 (deseo, mandato)
    ¡que esperes un momento! wait a moment!
    ¡que te diviertas! enjoy yourself!
    4 (duda, extrañeza)
    ¿que no te hicieron pagar nada? (you say) they didn't make you pay anything?
    5 (causal, consecutiva)
    ¡arriba, que ya son las ocho! get up, it's eight o'clock!
    6 (tanto si... como si...) whether... or not...
    que llueva que no llueva, iremos de excursión whether it rains or not, we're going on a trip
    8 (final) so that
    que te gusta, te lo quedas; que no te gusta, lo cambias if you like it, keep it; if you don't, you can change it
    justicia pido, que no gracia I want justice, not mercy
    \
    ¿a que no? / ¿a que sí? right?, isn't that right?
    ¿a que no...? I bet you can't...!
    ¡con lo que...! you know how much...
    ¡con lo que le gusta el queso y se lo han prohibido! you know how much he likes cheese, and now he's not allowed to have any!
    que si esto que si lo otro what with one thing and the other
    que si esto, que si lo otro, total que no lo ha traído what with one thing and another, in the end he didn't bring it
    hace un frío que para qué it's really cold, it's so cold, it's freezing cold
    que yo sepa as far as I know
    yo que tú... if I were you...
    ————————
    1 (sujeto, persona) who, that; (cosa) that, which
    este árbol, que parecía muerto en invierno, está rebrotando this tree, which looked dead in winter, is sprouting
    2 (complemento, persona) whom, who; (cosa) that, which
    la pistola con que le hirieron era nuestra the gun with which he was wounded was ours, the gun he was wounded with was ours
    4 def art + que the one which, the one that
    * * *
    1. pron.
    1) that
    2) who
    4) whom
    2. conj.
    1) that, than
    2) let
    * * *
    I
    PRON REL
    1) [refiriéndose a personas]
    a) [como sujeto] who, that

    el hombre que vino ayerthe man who o that came yesterday

    b) [como complemento: a menudo se omite] that
    2) [refiriéndose a cosas]
    a) [como sujeto] that, which
    b) [como complemento: a menudo se omite] that, which

    el coche que compréthe car (that o which) I bought

    el libro del que te habléthe book (that o which) I spoke to you about

    el día que ella nacióthe day (when o that) she was born

    la cama en que pasé la noche — the bed in which I spent the night, the bed I spent the night in

    3)

    el/la/los/las que — ver el 8)

    4)

    lo que ver lo I, 3)

    II
    CONJ
    1) [en subordinada sustantiva: a menudo se omite]
    a) + indic that
    b) + subjun that
    c)
    claro 2., 4)
    2) [en comparaciones]

    eres igual que mi padre — you're just like my father

    más que — more than

    menos que — less than

    prefiero estar aquí que en mi casa — I'd rather be here than at home

    yo que tú — if I were you

    yo que tú, iría — I'd go, if I were you

    3) [expresando resultado]
    a) [a menudo se omite] that

    tan... que, es tan grande que no lo puedo levantar — it's so big (that) I can't lift it

    tanto... que, las manos le temblaban tanto que apenas podía escribir — her hands were shaking so much (that) she could hardly write

    b)
    bendición 2), primor 2)
    4) [expresando causa]

    llévate un paraguas, que está lloviendo — take an umbrella, it's raining

    no lo derroches, que es muy caro — don't waste it, it's very expensive

    ¡vamos, que cierro! — come on now, I'm closing!

    ¡cuidado, que te caes! — careful or you'll fall!, mind you don't fall!

    ¡suélteme, que voy a gritar! — let go or I'll scream!

    5) [expresando reiteración o insistencia]

    ¡que !, -es verde -¡que no! -¡que sí! — "it's green" - "no it isn't!" - "yes it is!"

    -no funciona -que sí, es que lo haces mal — "it doesn't work" - "yes it does, you're just doing it wrong"

    6) [sin antecedente expreso]
    a) [expresando mandato]

    ¡que lo haga él! — let him do it!, he can do it himself!

    ¡que entre! — send him in!, let him come in!

    b) [expresando deseo]

    ¡que venga pronto! — let's hope he comes soon!

    ¡que te mejores! — get well soon!

    ¡que os guste la película! — enjoy the film!

    c) [expresando sorpresa]

    ¿que no estabas allí? — (are you telling me) you weren't there?

    7)

    el que — + subjun (=el hecho de que) the fact that

    * * *
    I
    1) (introduciendo complemento, sujeto)
    a)

    que + INDIC — that

    ¿cuántos años crees que tiene? — how old do you think she is?

    eso de que estaba enfermo es mentira — (fam) this business about him being ill is a lie

    b)

    que + SUBJ: quiero que vengas I want you to come; lamento que no puedas quedarte I'm sorry (that) you can't stay; dice que no vayas she says you're not to go; ve a que te ayude tu padre go and get your father to help you; (el) que sea el jefe no significa... just because he's the boss doesn't mean...; es importante que quede claro it's important that it should be clear; sería una lástima que no vinieras — it would be a shame if you didn't come

    c)

    es que: es que hoy no voy a poder I'm afraid (that) I won't be able to today; es que no tengo dinero the trouble is I don't have any money; ¿es que eres sordo? — are you deaf or something?

    2)

    ¿que se casa? — she's getting married?

    ¿cómo que no vas a ir? — what do you mean, you're not going?

    que no, que no voy! — no! I'm not going!

    que sueltes, te digo! — I said, let go!

    ¿que dónde estaba? pues aquí — where was I? right here

    ¿que cómo me llamo? — what's my name?

    4)

    escóndete, que te van a ver — hide or they'll see you

    ven, que te peino — come here and let me comb your hair

    II

    los que viajan, que esperen aquí — those who are traveling, wait here

    es la/el que manda aquí — she's/he's the one who gives the orders here

    el paciente del que te habléthe patient (that o who) I spoke to you about

    2) (refiriéndose a cosas, asuntos, etc)
    a) (sujeto) that, which

    la forma/el lugar en que ocurrió — the way/the place (in which) it happened

    ¿sabes lo difícil que fue? — do you know how hard it was?; ver tb lo I 2), 3)

    * * *
    = than, what, which, which, who, that.
    Ex. A synthetic scheme needs less categories or headings than an equivalent enumerative scheme.
    Ex. Before examining the two main means of constructing classification schedules it is as well to consider what the objective of the designer of a classification scheme should be.
    Ex. There are a number of features of a catalogue or index which benefit from some standardisation.
    Ex. There are a number of features of a catalogue or index which benefit from some standardisation.
    Ex. This started in 1980, and has around forty members who receive some support to cover telephone charges.
    Ex. The (F) operator specifies that terms must be in the same field of the same record, in any order.
    ----
    * ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.
    * ¿qué sentido tiene = what is/was the point of...?.
    * dar de qué hablar = raise + eyebrows, fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar que hablar = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * de los que = whereof.
    * de qué se trata = what it's all about.
    * el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.
    * el que = the one.
    * el que no se aventura no cruza el mar = nothing ventured, nothing gained.
    * en qué momento = at what point.
    * en qué punto = at what point.
    * hasta qué punto = the extent to which.
    * la que = the one.
    * lo que es más = what's more.
    * más... que... = more... than....
    * menos... que... = less... than....
    * no saber qué hacer = be at a nonplus.
    * o qué sé yo = or whatever.
    * por qué = why.
    * puesto que = for.
    * que abarca = girdling.
    * que actúa de apoyo = supporting.
    * que actúa de soporte = supporting.
    * que afecta a = surrounding.
    * que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.
    * que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a todas las culturas = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a varias generaciones = cross-generational.
    * que ahorran dinero = dollar-saving.
    * que amplia los horizontes = expansive.
    * que apoya moralmente = supportive.
    * que aquí presentamos = present.
    * que arde lentamente = smouldering [smoldering, -USA].
    * que atraviesa la ciudad = cross-town.
    * que avanza lentamente = crawling.
    * que avanza rápidamente = fast-moving, fast-developing.
    * que ayuda a recordar = memory-jogging.
    * que ayuda a refrescar la memoria = memory-jogging.
    * que baja los humos = humbling.
    * que bate todos los récords = record breaking.
    * que bota bien = bouncy [bouncier -comp., bounciest -sup.].
    * que busca el beneficio propio = self-serving.
    * que cambia con el tiempo = ever-changing [ever changing], time-variant, ever-shifting.
    * que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.
    * que cambia rápidamente = rapid-fire.
    * que combina diferentes enseñanzas = multi-track [multitrack].
    * que combina diferentes tipos de recursos = multi-source [multi source].
    * que concede becas = grant-making.
    * que concede subsidios = grant-making.
    * que concierne a = surrounding.
    * que confiere cierto estatus social = status-conferring.
    * que confunde = confounding.
    * que conlleva = attendant, associated with.
    * que conserva su encanto natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].
    * que conserva su estado natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].
    * que consta de tres puntos = three-point.
    * que constituye un reto = challenging.
    * que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.
    * que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive, power-hungry.
    * que consume tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * que contengan los caracteres = hit by.
    * que contiene = therein.
    * que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * que contribuye a la predisposición = predisposing.
    * que coocurre = co-occurring.
    * que corroe por dentro = gnawing.
    * que crea adicción = addictive.
    * que crea hábito = addictive.
    * que crece despacio = slowly growing.
    * que crece hacia dentro = ingrown.
    * que cruza fronteras = boundary spanning.
    * que cubre hasta la rodilla = knee deep.
    * que cubre hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.
    * que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.
    * que cuelga = hanging.
    * que cumple los requisitos = qualifying.
    * que da agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].
    * que da miedo = scary [scarier -comp., scariest -sup.].
    * que da que pensar = sobering.
    * que da susto = scary [scarier -comp., scariest -sup.].
    * que da vida = life-giving.
    * que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.
    * ¿qué demonios...? = what on (this) earth...?.
    * ¿qué demonios...? = What the heck...?.
    * que demuestra desequilibrio de carácter = off-balance.
    * que depende del tiempo = time-dependent.
    * que desee(n) = of + Posesivo + choice, of + Posesivo + choosing.
    * que desempata = tie-breaking [tiebreaking].
    * ¿qué diablos...? = Heck!, What the heck...?.
    * que diferencia entre mayúscula y minúscula = case-sensitive.
    * que distingue entre mayúscula y minúscula = case-sensitive.
    * que distrae la atención = distracting.
    * que dura todo el año = year-round.
    * que el agua disuelve = water-fugitive.
    * ¿qué elegir? = which way to go?.
    * que encompasa = girdling.
    * que entran en juego = at play.
    * que era común anteriormente = once-common.
    * qué es cada cosa = what is what.
    * que escapan a + Posesivo + control = beyond + Posesivo + control.
    * que escuece = itchy [itchier -comp., itchiest -sup.].
    * que espera demasiado = over expectant.
    * que está creciendo = growing.
    * que está en constante evolución = ever-evolving.
    * que están apareciendo = emerging.
    * que estrope el paisaje = eyesore.
    * que exalta los ánimos = inflammatory.
    * que excede + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que expresa dos puntos de vista opuestos = bipolar [bi-polar].
    * que falta = missing.
    * que faltan = wanting.
    * que florece en primavera = spring-flowering.
    * ¡qué follón! = what a palaver!.
    * que fomenta = conducive (to).
    * que forma parte de la cultura = culturally-embedded.
    * que fue = one-time.
    * que fue común antes = once-common.
    * que fuera = once.
    * que fuerza los músculos = muscle-straining.
    * que funciona = working.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.
    * que funciona con electricidad = electrically-powered, electrically-operated.
    * que funciona con energía eólica = wind-powered.
    * que funciona con monedas = coin-operated, coin-op.
    * que funciona con pilas = battery-operated, battery-powered.
    * que funciona con vapor = steam-powered.
    * que funciona manualmente = manually operated.
    * ¡que gane el mejor! = may the best man win!, may the best man win!.
    * que genera polémica = confrontational.
    * que gotea = leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup], leaking.
    * que guarde relación con = in keeping with.
    * que habla bien = elocuted.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * que hace entrar en calor = warming, warming.
    * que hace época = epoch-making.
    * que hace historia = history-making.
    * que hace la boca agua = mouth-watering.
    * qué hacer con (algo) = disposition, disposition.
    * que hacer reflexionar = provocative of.
    * ¿Qué ha dicho? = I beg your pardon?.
    * que ha sobrevivido = surviving.
    * que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.
    * que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.
    * que hizo época = epochal.
    * que huele a lugar cerrado = fusty.
    * que incita a la reflexión = provocative of.
    * que induce a confusión = confounding.
    * que intervienen = at play.
    * que intimida = forbidding.
    * que invita a la reflexión = thought-provoking.
    * ¡qué jaleo! = what a palaver!.
    * ¡qué lástima! = what a pity!, what a pity!.
    * que le afecta a todo = crosscutting [cross cutting].
    * que le gusta arriesgarse = risk-taking.
    * que le gusta la mecánica = mechanically minded.
    * que le presta gran importancia a la cultura = culture-conscious.
    * que levanta el ánimo = uplifting.
    * que levanta el espíritu = uplifting.
    * ¡qué lío! = what a palaver!.
    * que llega = incoming.
    * que llega hasta la cintura = waist high, waist deep, waist length.
    * que llega hasta los hombres = shoulder-length.
    * que lleva tiempo en cartelera = long-running.
    * que lo abarca todo = all-embracing.
    * que lo hace uno mismo = do-it-yourself (DIY).
    * que lo incluye todo = all-embracing.
    * que marca época = landmark.
    * que marca un hito = epoch-making.
    * qué más = what else.
    * qué me dices de... = what about....
    * que mejora el estatus social = status-enhancing.
    * que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.
    * que merece la pena = worthwhile.
    * que mezcla sensaciones = synesthetic, cross-sensory.
    * que mira al sur = south facing.
    * que nace de = born out of.
    * ¿qué narices...? = What the heck...?.
    * que necesita bastante dedicación de personal = labour-intensive [labour intensive], staff-intensive [staff intensive].
    * que necesita bastante mano de obra = labour-intensive [labour intensive].
    * que necesita de un trabajo intelectual previo = knowledge-intensive.
    * que necesita la información = information-dependent.
    * que ni ama ni es amado = loveless.
    * que no absorbe el agua o la humedad = non-hygroscopic.
    * que no admite reserva = unreserved.
    * que no ajusta bien = ill-fitting.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * que no ayuda a distinguir = nondistinctive.
    * que no causa dolor = painless.
    * que no cierra bien = leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup], leaking.
    * que no conduce a nada = circuitous.
    * que no cuadra = unreconciled.
    * que no da más de sí = overstretched.
    * que no daña el medio ambiente = environmentally friendly, environmentally sound, eco-friendly.
    * que no desaparece = lingering.
    * que no es de fiar = untrustworthy.
    * que no es de la India = non-Indic.
    * que no es libro de texto = non-textbook.
    * que no está en papel = non-paper [non paper].
    * que no es texto = non-text.
    * que no excluye otras posibilidades = non-exclusive.
    * que no fuma = non-smoking.
    * que no haya noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.
    * que no llama la atención = inconspicuous.
    * que no ofrece doctorado = non-doctoral granting.
    * que no perdona = unforgiving.
    * que no perjudica el medio ambiente = environmentally friendly, environmentally sound.
    * que no perjudica el medio ambiente = eco-friendly.
    * que no pertenece a una confesión religiosa concreta = nondenominational [non-denominational].
    * que no pertenece a un sindicato = non-unionised.
    * que no posee ninguna conexión = disjoint.
    * que no queda bien = ill-fitting.
    * que no recibe enseñanza formal = out-of-school.
    * que no representa reto = unchallenging.
    * que no sea(n) = other than.
    * que no se hace añicos = shatterproof.
    * que no se ha cuestionado = unquestioned, unscrutinised [unscrutinized, -USA].
    * que no se ha puesto en duda = unquestioned, unscrutinised [unscrutinized, -USA].
    * que no se le puede dar un nombre = unnameable.
    * que no se puede comparar = incomparable.
    * que no se puede conseguir = unobtainable.
    * que no se puede entregar = undeliverable.
    * que no se puede hacer cumplir = unenforceable.
    * que no se puede identificar con un término = unnameable.
    * que no se puede sacar en préstamo = non-circulating [noncirculating].
    * que no se puede uno perder = unmissable.
    * que no se rompe en mil pedazos = shatterproof.
    * que no se utiliza = unused.
    * que nos rodea = ambient.
    * que no tiene compensación = non-compensatory [noncompensatory].
    * que no tienen que rendir cuentas a nadie = unaccountable.
    * que no tiene precio = priceless.
    * que no tiene que ver con el tema debatido = off-topic.
    * que no viene a cuento = off-topic.
    * que obstruye = obstructive.
    * que ocupa la mejor posición = best-positioned.
    * que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.
    * que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.
    * que ocupa un puesto de mayor responsabilidad = senior.
    * ¿qué ocurre si... ? = what if... ?.
    * qué otra cosa = what else.
    * que padece de cólicos = colicky newborn.
    * que padece de peritonitis = peritonitic.
    * ¡qué palabras son esas! = watch your language!.
    * que parece dudoso = dubious-sounding.
    * que parece sospechoso = dubious-sounding.
    * que participan = at play.
    * ¿Qué pasa? = What's up?, What's up?.
    * que pasaba = passing.
    * que pasa de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que pasa desapercibido = inconspicuous, unobserved.
    * que pasa inadvertido = inconspicuous.
    * ¿qué pasará a continuación? = What's next?, What's next?, What next?, What next?.
    * que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.
    * que pela = piping hot, baking hot.
    * que perdura = lingering.
    * que permite desarrollar menús de consulta = menu-making.
    * que pica = itchy [itchier -comp., itchiest -sup.].
    * que pierde agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].
    * que pincha = stubbly [stubblier -comp., stubbliest -sup.].
    * qué poco común = how odd.
    * que pone a Uno en su sitio = humbling.
    * que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.
    * que pone obstáculos = obstructive.
    * que prefiere(n) = of + Posesivo + choosing, of + Posesivo + choice.
    * que procede del exterior = inbound.
    * que produce ansiedad = anxiety-producing.
    * que progresa rápidamente = fast-moving.
    * que + Pronombre + recordar = to the best of + Posesivo + recollection.
    * que puede causar detención = arrestable.
    * que puede demostrarse = demonstrably.
    * que puede salir en préstamo = loanable.
    * que puede ser apilado = stacking.
    * que puede ser usado a través de la web = web-compliant.
    * que puede volver a cerrarse herméticamente = resealable.
    * que queda = left-over [left over], surviving.
    * que queda mal = ill-fitting.
    * que quede entre nosotros = between you and me, between ourselves.
    * que quiere(n) = of + Posesivo + choosing, of + Posesivo + choice.
    * ¡qué raro! = how strange!.
    * que raya = jarring.
    * que rebota bien = bouncy [bouncier -comp., bounciest -sup.].
    * que reduce el estrés = stress-reducing.
    * que resulta irreconocible = out of all recognition.
    * que retiene el calor = heat absorbing.
    * que reúne las condiciones = qualified.
    * que rodea = surrounding.
    * ¡qué rollo macabeo! = what a palaver!.
    * que rompe la armonía = eyesore.
    * que sabe lo que = who knows what.
    * que sale de = off.
    * que se abrocha por atrás = back-buttoning.
    * que se acerca = oncoming.
    * que se acumula = accruable.
    * que se alaba a uno mismo = self-congratulatory.
    * que se alquila = rentable.
    * que se aproxima = oncoming.
    * que se atiene a una norma = compliant (with).
    * que se autoperpetúa = self-perpetuating.
    * que se avecina = oncoming.
    * que se carga por la boca = muzzle-loading.
    * que se coloca en lo alto del televisor = set-top.
    * que se compra = priced.
    * que se concede en función de las necesidades económicas = means-tested.
    * que se congratula a sí mismo = self-congratulating.
    * que se contradice a sí mismo = self-contradicting.
    * que se cuentan por millones = numbered in millions.
    * que se denomina a si mismo = self-proclaimed.
    * que se derrama = overflowing.
    * que se derrite en la boca = mellow [mellower -comp., mellowest -sup.].
    * que se desarrollan = at play.
    * que se descompone en migajas = crumby.
    * que se desmenuza fácilmente = crumbly [crumblier -comp., crumbliest -sup.].
    * que se desmigaja fácilmente = crumbly [crumblier -comp., crumbliest -sup.].
    * que se encuentra en la naturaleza = naturally-occurring.
    * que se enrolla = roll-up [rollup].
    * que se entrecruzan = intertwined.
    * que se está desarrollando = evolving.
    * que se está descascarillando = flaking.
    * que se está desintegrando = crumbling, disintegrating.
    * que se está examinando = under review.
    * que se está hundiendo = sinking.
    * que se está investigando = under investigation.
    * que se está pelando = flaking.
    * que se explica por sí mismo = self-explanatory [self explanatory/selfexplanatory].
    * que se expresa bien = articulate.
    * que se gestiona a sí mismo = self-managed.
    * que se guía por sí mismo = self-guiding.
    * que se inicie la contienda = let battle commence.
    * que se le puede dar un nombre = nameable.
    * que se lleva gestando hace tiempo = long-simmering.
    * (que se menciona) a continuación = below.
    * que se necesita urgentemente = sorely needed.
    * que se organiza a sí mismo = self-organising [self-organizing, -USA].
    * que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.
    * que se piensa = perceived.
    * que se puede aplicar a rajatabla = hard and fast, ironclad [iron-clad].
    * que se puede arreglar = fixable.
    * que se puede buscar = searchable.
    * que se puede cambiar de tamaño = resizeable [re-sizeable].
    * que se puede clasificar = classifiable.
    * que se puede compartir = shareable.
    * que se puede conocer = knowable.
    * que se puede consultar = queriable.
    * que se puede contestar = answerable.
    * que se puede copiar = downloadable.
    * que se puede distribuir = redistributable.
    * que se puede enviar = deliverable.
    * que se puede escuchar = playable.
    * que se puede especificar = specifiable.
    * que se puede evitar = avoidable.
    * que se puede hacer cumplir = enforceable.
    * que se puede identicar con un término = nameable.
    * que se puede imprimir = printable.
    * que se puede lavar con lejía = bleachable.
    * que se puede obtener = obtainable.
    * que se puede quitar = detachable, removable.
    * que se puede reservar = bookable.
    * que se puede responder = answerable.
    * que se puede separar = detachable.
    * que se recuerde = in living memory.
    * que se repite = repetitious.
    * que se repite una y otra vez = recurring.
    * que se solapan = overlapping.
    * que se toma las cosas con calma = laid-back.
    * que se vende = priced.
    * que siempre va a la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * que sienta precedente = landmark.
    * que sigue = ensuing.
    * que sigue la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * que siguió = ensuing.
    * ¿qué si no...? = what else but...?.
    * que sobrepasa + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que sobresale = protruding.
    * que sólo se hace una vez = once-off.
    * que suena = ringing.
    * ¡Qué suerte! = What luck!, What luck!.
    * que supone = associated with.
    * que surge de = born out of.
    * qué te parece que... = what about....
    * que tiene el cenizo = jinxed.
    * que tiene el gafe = jinxed.
    * que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.
    * que tiene precio = priced.
    * que tiene sentido = meaningful.
    * que trabaja desde casa = home-based.
    * que trabajan para él = in its employ.
    * que transmite información = information-bearing.
    * que trata de = surrounding.
    * que tuvo lugar a continuación = ensuing.
    * que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.
    * que usa el estándar MIME = MIME-compliant.
    * que utiliza el tiempo como variable = time-dependent.
    * que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.
    * que vale la pena = worthwhile.
    * que van dirigidos hacia el exterior = outbound.
    * ¡qué verdad que es! = how true!.
    * que viene = incoming, next + Expresión Temporal.
    * que viene de largo = long-running.
    * que viene el lobo = crying wolf.
    * que vuela bajo = low-flying.
    * ¡que + Pronombre + zurcir! = be damned!.
    * quién sabe lo que = who knows what.
    * quién sabe qué = who knows what.
    * sin importar qué = no matter what/which.
    * sin saber qué decir = nonplussed [nonplused].
    * tal que = such that.
    * un no sé qué = a je ne sais quoi.
    * ¿Y ahora qué? = What's next?, What next?.
    * ya que = for, in that.
    * y Dios sabe qué más = and Heaven knows what else.
    * ¡y qué más da! = so what!.
    * * *
    I
    1) (introduciendo complemento, sujeto)
    a)

    que + INDIC — that

    ¿cuántos años crees que tiene? — how old do you think she is?

    eso de que estaba enfermo es mentira — (fam) this business about him being ill is a lie

    b)

    que + SUBJ: quiero que vengas I want you to come; lamento que no puedas quedarte I'm sorry (that) you can't stay; dice que no vayas she says you're not to go; ve a que te ayude tu padre go and get your father to help you; (el) que sea el jefe no significa... just because he's the boss doesn't mean...; es importante que quede claro it's important that it should be clear; sería una lástima que no vinieras — it would be a shame if you didn't come

    c)

    es que: es que hoy no voy a poder I'm afraid (that) I won't be able to today; es que no tengo dinero the trouble is I don't have any money; ¿es que eres sordo? — are you deaf or something?

    2)

    ¿que se casa? — she's getting married?

    ¿cómo que no vas a ir? — what do you mean, you're not going?

    que no, que no voy! — no! I'm not going!

    que sueltes, te digo! — I said, let go!

    ¿que dónde estaba? pues aquí — where was I? right here

    ¿que cómo me llamo? — what's my name?

    4)

    escóndete, que te van a ver — hide or they'll see you

    ven, que te peino — come here and let me comb your hair

    II

    los que viajan, que esperen aquí — those who are traveling, wait here

    es la/el que manda aquí — she's/he's the one who gives the orders here

    el paciente del que te habléthe patient (that o who) I spoke to you about

    2) (refiriéndose a cosas, asuntos, etc)
    a) (sujeto) that, which

    la forma/el lugar en que ocurrió — the way/the place (in which) it happened

    ¿sabes lo difícil que fue? — do you know how hard it was?; ver tb lo I 2), 3)

    * * *
    = than, what, which, which, who, that.

    Ex: A synthetic scheme needs less categories or headings than an equivalent enumerative scheme.

    Ex: Before examining the two main means of constructing classification schedules it is as well to consider what the objective of the designer of a classification scheme should be.
    Ex: There are a number of features of a catalogue or index which benefit from some standardisation.
    Ex: There are a number of features of a catalogue or index which benefit from some standardisation.
    Ex: This started in 1980, and has around forty members who receive some support to cover telephone charges.
    Ex: The (F) operator specifies that terms must be in the same field of the same record, in any order.
    * ¿para qué sirve... ? = what's the use of... ?.
    * ¿qué sentido tiene = what is/was the point of...?.
    * dar de qué hablar = raise + eyebrows, fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * dar que hablar = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * de los que = whereof.
    * de qué se trata = what it's all about.
    * el problema no es el qué, sino el cómo = the devil (is/lives) in the details.
    * el que = the one.
    * el que no se aventura no cruza el mar = nothing ventured, nothing gained.
    * en qué momento = at what point.
    * en qué punto = at what point.
    * hasta qué punto = the extent to which.
    * la que = the one.
    * lo que es más = what's more.
    * más... que... = more... than....
    * menos... que... = less... than....
    * no saber qué hacer = be at a nonplus.
    * o qué sé yo = or whatever.
    * por qué = why.
    * puesto que = for.
    * que abarca = girdling.
    * que actúa de apoyo = supporting.
    * que actúa de soporte = supporting.
    * que afecta a = surrounding.
    * que afecta a toda la empresa = enterprise-wide.
    * que afecta a toda la sociedad = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a todas las culturas = culture-wide.
    * que afecta a varias generaciones = cross-generational.
    * que ahorran dinero = dollar-saving.
    * que amplia los horizontes = expansive.
    * que apoya moralmente = supportive.
    * que aquí presentamos = present.
    * que arde lentamente = smouldering [smoldering, -USA].
    * que atraviesa la ciudad = cross-town.
    * que avanza lentamente = crawling.
    * que avanza rápidamente = fast-moving, fast-developing.
    * que ayuda a recordar = memory-jogging.
    * que ayuda a refrescar la memoria = memory-jogging.
    * que baja los humos = humbling.
    * que bate todos los récords = record breaking.
    * que bota bien = bouncy [bouncier -comp., bounciest -sup.].
    * que busca el beneficio propio = self-serving.
    * que cambia con el tiempo = ever-changing [ever changing], time-variant, ever-shifting.
    * que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.
    * que cambia rápidamente = rapid-fire.
    * que combina diferentes enseñanzas = multi-track [multitrack].
    * que combina diferentes tipos de recursos = multi-source [multi source].
    * que concede becas = grant-making.
    * que concede subsidios = grant-making.
    * que concierne a = surrounding.
    * que confiere cierto estatus social = status-conferring.
    * que confunde = confounding.
    * que conlleva = attendant, associated with.
    * que conserva su encanto natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].
    * que conserva su estado natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].
    * que consta de tres puntos = three-point.
    * que constituye un reto = challenging.
    * que consume mucha CPU = CPU intensive.
    * que consume mucha energía = energy-intensive, power-hungry.
    * que consume tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * que contengan los caracteres = hit by.
    * que contiene = therein.
    * que contiene muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * que contribuye a la predisposición = predisposing.
    * que coocurre = co-occurring.
    * que corroe por dentro = gnawing.
    * que crea adicción = addictive.
    * que crea hábito = addictive.
    * que crece despacio = slowly growing.
    * que crece hacia dentro = ingrown.
    * que cruza fronteras = boundary spanning.
    * que cubre hasta la rodilla = knee deep.
    * que cubre hasta los tobillos = ankle deep.
    * que cubre todo el cuerpo = head to toe.
    * que cuelga = hanging.
    * que cumple los requisitos = qualifying.
    * que da agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].
    * que da miedo = scary [scarier -comp., scariest -sup.].
    * que da que pensar = sobering.
    * que da susto = scary [scarier -comp., scariest -sup.].
    * que da vida = life-giving.
    * que deja mucho al azar = hit-or-miss.
    * ¿qué demonios...? = what on (this) earth...?.
    * ¿qué demonios...? = What the heck...?.
    * que demuestra desequilibrio de carácter = off-balance.
    * que depende del tiempo = time-dependent.
    * que desee(n) = of + Posesivo + choice, of + Posesivo + choosing.
    * que desempata = tie-breaking [tiebreaking].
    * ¿qué diablos...? = Heck!, What the heck...?.
    * que diferencia entre mayúscula y minúscula = case-sensitive.
    * que distingue entre mayúscula y minúscula = case-sensitive.
    * que distrae la atención = distracting.
    * que dura todo el año = year-round.
    * que el agua disuelve = water-fugitive.
    * ¿qué elegir? = which way to go?.
    * que encompasa = girdling.
    * que entran en juego = at play.
    * que era común anteriormente = once-common.
    * qué es cada cosa = what is what.
    * que escapan a + Posesivo + control = beyond + Posesivo + control.
    * que escuece = itchy [itchier -comp., itchiest -sup.].
    * que espera demasiado = over expectant.
    * que está creciendo = growing.
    * que está en constante evolución = ever-evolving.
    * que están apareciendo = emerging.
    * que estrope el paisaje = eyesore.
    * que exalta los ánimos = inflammatory.
    * que excede + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que expresa dos puntos de vista opuestos = bipolar [bi-polar].
    * que falta = missing.
    * que faltan = wanting.
    * que florece en primavera = spring-flowering.
    * ¡qué follón! = what a palaver!.
    * que fomenta = conducive (to).
    * que forma parte de la cultura = culturally-embedded.
    * que fue = one-time.
    * que fue común antes = once-common.
    * que fuera = once.
    * que fuerza los músculos = muscle-straining.
    * que funciona = working.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.
    * que funciona con electricidad = electrically-powered, electrically-operated.
    * que funciona con energía eólica = wind-powered.
    * que funciona con monedas = coin-operated, coin-op.
    * que funciona con pilas = battery-operated, battery-powered.
    * que funciona con vapor = steam-powered.
    * que funciona manualmente = manually operated.
    * ¡que gane el mejor! = may the best man win!, may the best man win!.
    * que genera polémica = confrontational.
    * que gotea = leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup], leaking.
    * que guarde relación con = in keeping with.
    * que habla bien = elocuted.
    * que habla en voz baja = quietly spoken.
    * que hace entrar en calor = warming, warming.
    * que hace época = epoch-making.
    * que hace historia = history-making.
    * que hace la boca agua = mouth-watering.
    * qué hacer con (algo) = disposition, disposition.
    * que hacer reflexionar = provocative of.
    * ¿Qué ha dicho? = I beg your pardon?.
    * que ha sobrevivido = surviving.
    * que hay que dar muchas vueltas = circuitous.
    * que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.
    * que hizo época = epochal.
    * que huele a lugar cerrado = fusty.
    * que incita a la reflexión = provocative of.
    * que induce a confusión = confounding.
    * que intervienen = at play.
    * que intimida = forbidding.
    * que invita a la reflexión = thought-provoking.
    * ¡qué jaleo! = what a palaver!.
    * ¡qué lástima! = what a pity!, what a pity!.
    * que le afecta a todo = crosscutting [cross cutting].
    * que le gusta arriesgarse = risk-taking.
    * que le gusta la mecánica = mechanically minded.
    * que le presta gran importancia a la cultura = culture-conscious.
    * que levanta el ánimo = uplifting.
    * que levanta el espíritu = uplifting.
    * ¡qué lío! = what a palaver!.
    * que llega = incoming.
    * que llega hasta la cintura = waist high, waist deep, waist length.
    * que llega hasta los hombres = shoulder-length.
    * que lleva tiempo en cartelera = long-running.
    * que lo abarca todo = all-embracing.
    * que lo hace uno mismo = do-it-yourself (DIY).
    * que lo incluye todo = all-embracing.
    * que marca época = landmark.
    * que marca un hito = epoch-making.
    * qué más = what else.
    * qué me dices de... = what about....
    * que mejora el estatus social = status-enhancing.
    * que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.
    * que merece la pena = worthwhile.
    * que mezcla sensaciones = synesthetic, cross-sensory.
    * que mira al sur = south facing.
    * que nace de = born out of.
    * ¿qué narices...? = What the heck...?.
    * que necesita bastante dedicación de personal = labour-intensive [labour intensive], staff-intensive [staff intensive].
    * que necesita bastante mano de obra = labour-intensive [labour intensive].
    * que necesita de un trabajo intelectual previo = knowledge-intensive.
    * que necesita la información = information-dependent.
    * que ni ama ni es amado = loveless.
    * que no absorbe el agua o la humedad = non-hygroscopic.
    * que no admite reserva = unreserved.
    * que no ajusta bien = ill-fitting.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * que no ayuda a distinguir = nondistinctive.
    * que no causa dolor = painless.
    * que no cierra bien = leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup], leaking.
    * que no conduce a nada = circuitous.
    * que no cuadra = unreconciled.
    * que no da más de sí = overstretched.
    * que no daña el medio ambiente = environmentally friendly, environmentally sound, eco-friendly.
    * que no desaparece = lingering.
    * que no es de fiar = untrustworthy.
    * que no es de la India = non-Indic.
    * que no es libro de texto = non-textbook.
    * que no está en papel = non-paper [non paper].
    * que no es texto = non-text.
    * que no excluye otras posibilidades = non-exclusive.
    * que no fuma = non-smoking.
    * que no haya noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.
    * que no llama la atención = inconspicuous.
    * que no ofrece doctorado = non-doctoral granting.
    * que no perdona = unforgiving.
    * que no perjudica el medio ambiente = environmentally friendly, environmentally sound.
    * que no perjudica el medio ambiente = eco-friendly.
    * que no pertenece a una confesión religiosa concreta = nondenominational [non-denominational].
    * que no pertenece a un sindicato = non-unionised.
    * que no posee ninguna conexión = disjoint.
    * que no queda bien = ill-fitting.
    * que no recibe enseñanza formal = out-of-school.
    * que no representa reto = unchallenging.
    * que no sea(n) = other than.
    * que no se hace añicos = shatterproof.
    * que no se ha cuestionado = unquestioned, unscrutinised [unscrutinized, -USA].
    * que no se ha puesto en duda = unquestioned, unscrutinised [unscrutinized, -USA].
    * que no se le puede dar un nombre = unnameable.
    * que no se puede comparar = incomparable.
    * que no se puede conseguir = unobtainable.
    * que no se puede entregar = undeliverable.
    * que no se puede hacer cumplir = unenforceable.
    * que no se puede identificar con un término = unnameable.
    * que no se puede sacar en préstamo = non-circulating [noncirculating].
    * que no se puede uno perder = unmissable.
    * que no se rompe en mil pedazos = shatterproof.
    * que no se utiliza = unused.
    * que nos rodea = ambient.
    * que no tiene compensación = non-compensatory [noncompensatory].
    * que no tienen que rendir cuentas a nadie = unaccountable.
    * que no tiene precio = priceless.
    * que no tiene que ver con el tema debatido = off-topic.
    * que no viene a cuento = off-topic.
    * que obstruye = obstructive.
    * que ocupa la mejor posición = best-positioned.
    * que ocupa mucho espacio = space-consuming.
    * que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.
    * que ocupa un puesto de mayor responsabilidad = senior.
    * ¿qué ocurre si... ? = what if... ?.
    * qué otra cosa = what else.
    * que padece de cólicos = colicky newborn.
    * que padece de peritonitis = peritonitic.
    * ¡qué palabras son esas! = watch your language!.
    * que parece dudoso = dubious-sounding.
    * que parece sospechoso = dubious-sounding.
    * que participan = at play.
    * ¿Qué pasa? = What's up?, What's up?.
    * que pasaba = passing.
    * que pasa de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que pasa desapercibido = inconspicuous, unobserved.
    * que pasa inadvertido = inconspicuous.
    * ¿qué pasará a continuación? = What's next?, What's next?, What next?, What next?.
    * que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.
    * que pela = piping hot, baking hot.
    * que perdura = lingering.
    * que permite desarrollar menús de consulta = menu-making.
    * que pica = itchy [itchier -comp., itchiest -sup.].
    * que pierde agua = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].
    * que pincha = stubbly [stubblier -comp., stubbliest -sup.].
    * qué poco común = how odd.
    * que pone a Uno en su sitio = humbling.
    * que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.
    * que pone obstáculos = obstructive.
    * que prefiere(n) = of + Posesivo + choosing, of + Posesivo + choice.
    * que procede del exterior = inbound.
    * que produce ansiedad = anxiety-producing.
    * que progresa rápidamente = fast-moving.
    * que + Pronombre + recordar = to the best of + Posesivo + recollection.
    * que puede causar detención = arrestable.
    * que puede demostrarse = demonstrably.
    * que puede salir en préstamo = loanable.
    * que puede ser apilado = stacking.
    * que puede ser usado a través de la web = web-compliant.
    * que puede volver a cerrarse herméticamente = resealable.
    * que queda = left-over [left over], surviving.
    * que queda mal = ill-fitting.
    * que quede entre nosotros = between you and me, between ourselves.
    * que quiere(n) = of + Posesivo + choosing, of + Posesivo + choice.
    * ¡qué raro! = how strange!.
    * que raya = jarring.
    * que rebota bien = bouncy [bouncier -comp., bounciest -sup.].
    * que reduce el estrés = stress-reducing.
    * que resulta irreconocible = out of all recognition.
    * que retiene el calor = heat absorbing.
    * que reúne las condiciones = qualified.
    * que rodea = surrounding.
    * ¡qué rollo macabeo! = what a palaver!.
    * que rompe la armonía = eyesore.
    * que sabe lo que = who knows what.
    * que sale de = off.
    * que se abrocha por atrás = back-buttoning.
    * que se acerca = oncoming.
    * que se acumula = accruable.
    * que se alaba a uno mismo = self-congratulatory.
    * que se alquila = rentable.
    * que se aproxima = oncoming.
    * que se atiene a una norma = compliant (with).
    * que se autoperpetúa = self-perpetuating.
    * que se avecina = oncoming.
    * que se carga por la boca = muzzle-loading.
    * que se coloca en lo alto del televisor = set-top.
    * que se compra = priced.
    * que se concede en función de las necesidades económicas = means-tested.
    * que se congratula a sí mismo = self-congratulating.
    * que se contradice a sí mismo = self-contradicting.
    * que se cuentan por millones = numbered in millions.
    * que se denomina a si mismo = self-proclaimed.
    * que se derrama = overflowing.
    * que se derrite en la boca = mellow [mellower -comp., mellowest -sup.].
    * que se desarrollan = at play.
    * que se descompone en migajas = crumby.
    * que se desmenuza fácilmente = crumbly [crumblier -comp., crumbliest -sup.].
    * que se desmigaja fácilmente = crumbly [crumblier -comp., crumbliest -sup.].
    * que se encuentra en la naturaleza = naturally-occurring.
    * que se enrolla = roll-up [rollup].
    * que se entrecruzan = intertwined.
    * que se está desarrollando = evolving.
    * que se está descascarillando = flaking.
    * que se está desintegrando = crumbling, disintegrating.
    * que se está examinando = under review.
    * que se está hundiendo = sinking.
    * que se está investigando = under investigation.
    * que se está pelando = flaking.
    * que se explica por sí mismo = self-explanatory [self explanatory/selfexplanatory].
    * que se expresa bien = articulate.
    * que se gestiona a sí mismo = self-managed.
    * que se guía por sí mismo = self-guiding.
    * que se inicie la contienda = let battle commence.
    * que se le puede dar un nombre = nameable.
    * que se lleva gestando hace tiempo = long-simmering.
    * (que se menciona) a continuación = below.
    * que se necesita urgentemente = sorely needed.
    * que se organiza a sí mismo = self-organising [self-organizing, -USA].
    * que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.
    * que se piensa = perceived.
    * que se puede aplicar a rajatabla = hard and fast, ironclad [iron-clad].
    * que se puede arreglar = fixable.
    * que se puede buscar = searchable.
    * que se puede cambiar de tamaño = resizeable [re-sizeable].
    * que se puede clasificar = classifiable.
    * que se puede compartir = shareable.
    * que se puede conocer = knowable.
    * que se puede consultar = queriable.
    * que se puede contestar = answerable.
    * que se puede copiar = downloadable.
    * que se puede distribuir = redistributable.
    * que se puede enviar = deliverable.
    * que se puede escuchar = playable.
    * que se puede especificar = specifiable.
    * que se puede evitar = avoidable.
    * que se puede hacer cumplir = enforceable.
    * que se puede identicar con un término = nameable.
    * que se puede imprimir = printable.
    * que se puede lavar con lejía = bleachable.
    * que se puede obtener = obtainable.
    * que se puede quitar = detachable, removable.
    * que se puede reservar = bookable.
    * que se puede responder = answerable.
    * que se puede separar = detachable.
    * que se recuerde = in living memory.
    * que se repite = repetitious.
    * que se repite una y otra vez = recurring.
    * que se solapan = overlapping.
    * que se toma las cosas con calma = laid-back.
    * que se vende = priced.
    * que siempre va a la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * que sienta precedente = landmark.
    * que sigue = ensuing.
    * que sigue la última moda = fashion-conscious.
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * que siguió = ensuing.
    * ¿qué si no...? = what else but...?.
    * que sobrepasa + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.
    * que sobresale = protruding.
    * que sólo se hace una vez = once-off.
    * que suena = ringing.
    * ¡Qué suerte! = What luck!, What luck!.
    * que supone = associated with.
    * que surge de = born out of.
    * qué te parece que... = what about....
    * que tiene el cenizo = jinxed.
    * que tiene el gafe = jinxed.
    * que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.
    * que tiene precio = priced.
    * que tiene sentido = meaningful.
    * que trabaja desde casa = home-based.
    * que trabajan para él = in its employ.
    * que transmite información = information-bearing.
    * que trata de = surrounding.
    * que tuvo lugar a continuación = ensuing.
    * que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.
    * que usa el estándar MIME = MIME-compliant.
    * que utiliza el tiempo como variable = time-dependent.
    * que utiliza muchos recursos = resource-intensive.
    * que vale la pena = worthwhile.
    * que van dirigidos hacia el exterior = outbound.
    * ¡qué verdad que es! = how true!.
    * que viene = incoming, next + Expresión Temporal.
    * que viene de largo = long-running.
    * que viene el lobo = crying wolf.
    * que vuela bajo = low-flying.
    * ¡que + Pronombre + zurcir! = be damned!.
    * quién sabe lo que = who knows what.
    * quién sabe qué = who knows what.
    * sin importar qué = no matter what/which.
    * sin saber qué decir = nonplussed [nonplused].
    * tal que = such that.
    * un no sé qué = a je ne sais quoi.
    * ¿Y ahora qué? = What's next?, What next?.
    * ya que = for, in that.
    * y Dios sabe qué más = and Heaven knows what else.
    * ¡y qué más da! = so what!.

    * * *
    que1
    ¿puede demostrar que estuvo allí? can you prove (that) you were there?
    creemos que ésta es la única solución viable we believe that this is the only viable solution, we believe this to be the only viable solution
    estoy seguro de que vendrá I'm sure she'll come
    ¿cuántos años crees que tiene? how old do you think she is?
    me preguntó que quién era yo he asked me who I was
    dice Javier que dónde está la tijera Javier wants to know where the scissors are, Javier says where are the scissors? ( colloq)
    lo raro que lo pronuncia the strange way he pronounces it
    que + SUBJ:
    quiero que vengas I want you to come
    lamento que no puedas quedarte I'm sorry (that) you can't stay
    dice que apagues la luz he says you're to turn the light off
    que yo sepa aún no han llegado as far as I know they still haven't arrived
    ve a que te ayude tu padre go and get your father to help you
    está claro que no te gusta it's obvious that you don't like it, you obviously don't like it
    eso de que estaba enfermo es mentira ( fam); this business about him being ill is a lie
    que + SUBJ:
    (el) que sea el jefe no significa … the fact that he's the boss doesn't mean …, just because he's the boss doesn't mean …
    lo más importante es que quede claro the most important thing is for it to be clear o is that it should be clear
    sería una pena que no pudieses venir it would be a pity if you couldn't come
    3
    es que: es que hoy no voy a poder the thing is o I'm afraid (that) I won't be able to today
    me gustaría ir, pero es que no tengo dinero I'd like to go, the trouble is I don't have any money
    pero ¿es que eres sordo? are you deaf or something?
    1
    (en expresiones de deseo, advertencia): ¡que te mejores! I hope you feel better soon
    ¡que se diviertan! have a good time!
    por mí que se muera he can drop dead for all I care
    y que no tenga que repetírtelo and I don't want to have to tell you again
    2
    (en expresiones de mandato): ¡que te calles! shut up! ( colloq)
    ¡que pase el siguiente! next please!
    3
    (en expresiones de concesión, permiso): si quiere, que se quede let him stay if he wants to, he can stay if he wants to
    4
    (en expresiones de sorpresa): ¿que se casa? she's getting married?
    ¿cómo que no vas a ir? what do you mean, you're not going?
    5
    (en expresiones de indignación): ¡que tengamos que aguantarle esto! to think we have to put up with this from him!
    1
    (reafirmando algo): ¡que no, que no voy! no, I tell you, I'm not going!, no! I'm not going!
    ¡que sueltes, te digo! I said, let go!
    2
    (respondiendo a una pregunta): ¿que dónde estaba? pues aquí, no me he movido de casa where was I? right here, I haven't left the house
    ¿que qué hago yo aquí? ¡pero si ésta es mi casa! what do you mean, what am I doing here? this is my house!
    3
    (indicando persistencia): estuvimos todo el día corre que te corre we spent the whole day rushing around
    D
    1
    (introduciendo una razón): escóndete, que te van a ver hide or they'll see you, hide, they'll see you
    ven, que te peino come here and let me comb your hair
    se parecen tanto que apenas los distingo they're so alike (that) I can hardly tell them apart
    canta que da gusto she sings beautifully
    está que da pena verlo he's in a sorry state
    E
    (en comparaciones): su casa es más grande que la mía his house is bigger than mine
    tengo la misma edad que tú I'm the same age as you
    quiera que no, deberá reconocerlo like it or not, he'll have to accept it, he'll have to accept it, whether he likes it o not
    yo que tú no lo haría I wouldn't do it if I were you
    G ( arc)
    (expresando contraste): justicia pido, que no favores I ask for justice, not for favors
    que2
    1 ( sujeto) who
    los que estén cansados, que esperen aquí those who are tired o anyone who's tired, wait here
    los niños, que estaban cansados, se quedaron the children, who were tired, stayed behind
    no conozco a nadie que tenga piscina I don't know anyone who has a swimming pool
    el hombre que está sentado en la arena the man (who's) sitting on the sand
    ésa es Cecilia, la que acaba de entrar that's Cecilia, the one who's just come in
    todo el que no esté de acuerdo, que lo diga anyone who disagrees should say so, if anyone disagrees, please say so
    aquí la que manda es mi madre my mother's the one who gives the orders here
    todas las chicas que entrevistamos all the girls (that o who) we interviewed, all the girls whom we interviewed ( frml)
    es el único al que no le han pagado he's the only one who hasn't been paid
    la sentaron al lado de Rodrigo, al que detestaba they sat her next to Rodrigo who o ( frml) whom she hated
    el paciente del que te hablé the patient (that o who) I spoke to you about
    B (refiriéndose a cosas, asuntos etc)
    1 ( sujeto) that, which
    la pieza que se rompió the part that o which broke
    eso es lo que me preocupa that's what worries me
    me contaron lo que pasó they told me what happened
    el disco que le regalé the record (which o that) I gave her
    tiene mucha flema, como buen inglés que es he's very phlegmatic, good Englishman that he is
    ¿sabes lo difícil que fue? do you know how hard it was?
    ver tb lo1 art B. (↑ lo (1)), que1 conj C. (↑ que (1))
    me dormí de tan cansada que estaba I was so tired (that) I fell asleep o I fell asleep, I was so tired
    la forma en que lo dijo the way (that o in which) she said it
    el día (en) que llegaron the day (that o on which) they arrived
    la época en (la) que ocurrió the period in which it took place, the period (that) it took place in
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    que    
    qué
    que conjunción
    1 ( oraciones subordinadas)
    a) that;


    estoy seguro de que vendrá I'm sure (that) she'll come;
    ¿cuántos años crees que tiene? how old do you think she is?;
    eso de que estaba enfermo es mentira (fam) this business about him being ill is a lie;
    quiero que vengas I want you to come;
    dice que no vayas she says you're not to go;
    es importante que quede claro it's important that it should be clear;
    sería una lástima que no vinieras it would be a shame if you didn't come
    b)

    es que: es que hoy no voy a poder I'm afraid (that) I won't be able to today;

    es que no tengo dinero the trouble is I don't have any money
    2

    ¡que te mejores! I hope you feel better soon;

    ¡que se diviertan! have a good time!;
    ver tb ir v aux 2

    ¡que te calles! shut up! (colloq);

    ¡que no! I said no!

    ¿que se casa? she's getting married?;

    ¿cómo que no vas a ir? what do you mean, you're not going?


    y aquí llueve que llueve and over here it just rains and rains
    3 ( introduciendo una consecuencia) that;

    4 ( en comparaciones):

    tengo la misma edad que tú I'm the same age as you
    5 (fam) ( en oraciones condicionales) if;

    ■ pronombre
    1 ( refiriéndose a personas)
    a) ( sujeto) who;


    es la que manda aquí she's the one who gives the orders here


    las chicas que entrevistamos the girls (that o who) we interviewed;
    el único al que no le han pagado the only one who hasn't been paid;
    la persona de la que te hablé the person (that o who) I spoke to you about
    2 (refiriéndose a cosas, asuntos, etc)
    a) ( sujeto) that, which;

    la pieza que se rompió the part that o which broke;

    eso es lo que me preocupa that's what worries me

    el disco que le regalé the record (which o that) I gave her;

    la casa en que vivo the house (that) I live in;
    ¿sabes lo difícil que fue? do you know how hard it was?;
    ver tb lo art 2 b
    qué pronombre
    1 ( interrogativo)
    a) what;

    ¿que es eso? what's that?;

    ¿y que? so what?;
    ¿de que habló? what did she talk about?;
    ¿sabes que? you know what o something?;
    no sé que hacer I don't know what to do

    ¿qué? what?

    c) ( en saludos):

    ¿que tal? how are you?;

    ¿que es de tu vida? how's life?
    2 ( en exclamaciones):
    ¡que va a ser abogado ese! him, a lawyer?;

    ver tb ir V 1
    ■ adjetivo
    1 ( interrogativo) what, which;
    ¿que color quieres? what o which color do you want?

    2 ( en exclamaciones) what;
    ¡que noche! what a night!

    ■ adverbio:
    ¡que lindo! how lovely!;

    ¡que inteligente eres! aren't you clever!;
    ¡que bien (que) se está aquí! it's so nice here!;
    ¡que bien! great!, good!
    que
    I pron rel
    1 (de persona) (como sujeto) who: la mujer que vendió el coche, the woman who sold the car
    (como objeto de relativo) who, frml whom: su esposa, a la que admiraba, era muy amable, his wife, whom I admired, was very kind
    la niña con la que juega, the girl (that o who o se omite) she plays with
    el hombre del que hablé, the man of whom I spoke
    2 (de cosa) (como sujeto) that, which
    lo que, what: esto es lo que ocurrió, this is what happened
    la casa que se incendió, the house (which o that) was burned down
    (como complemento) el reloj que compró, the watch (which o that) he bought
    la casa en la que vive ahora, the house where he lives now
    II conj
    1 (introducción de sujeto o complemento) (se omite o that) creo que va a llover, I think (that) it's going to rain
    2 (expresión de deseo, mandato, etc) (se omite) que tengas un buen día, have a nice day
    3 (consecución) (se omite o that) hacía tanto frío que me quedé en casa, it was so cold (that) I stayed at home
    4 (comparación) than: su coche es mejor que el mío, his car is better than mine
    5 (condicional) yo que tú iría, if I were you, I would go
    6 (uso enfático) que sí, que iré al cine contigo, of course I'll go to the cinema with you
    qué
    I adjetivo
    1 (pron interrogativo) what, which: ¿qué has comprado?, what have you bought?
    ¿qué color prefieres?, which colour do you prefer?
    2 (pron excl) what, how: ¡qué de gente!, what a lot of people!
    ¡qué suerte tienes! how lucky you are!
    ¡qué vergüenza!, what a disgrace!
    II adv excl so: ¡qué buenas que son!, they are so good!

    ' que' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - abalanzarse
    - abandonar
    - abarcar
    - abaratarse
    - ablandar
    - abonarse
    - abrir
    - abreviar
    - abrirse
    - absoluta
    - absolutamente
    - absoluto
    - abundar
    - aburrida
    - aburrido
    - aburrimiento
    - acabar
    - acabose
    - acaparador
    - acaparadora
    - acariciar
    - acarrear
    - acercarse
    - acholada
    - acholado
    - achuchar
    - aclimatarse
    - acompañar
    - acopio
    - actuación
    - actual
    - actualizar
    - acuerdo
    - adelante
    - adelgazar
    - adentro
    - adicta
    - adicto
    - adivinar
    - administración
    - admitir
    - adorno
    - advertir
    - aferrarse
    - afín
    - aflojar
    - agradar
    - agrado
    - aguatera
    English:
    A
    - aback
    - ablaze
    - abortion
    - about
    - absent
    - accept
    - acceptable
    - accordance
    - account
    - account for
    - accountable
    - accustom
    - acknowledge
    - action
    - actual
    - actually
    - ad-lib
    - adapt
    - add on
    - address
    - adjust
    - admit
    - admittedly
    - advise
    - affirmative
    - afraid
    - afresh
    - after
    - agenda
    - agree
    - ahead
    - aid
    - alive
    - all
    - allege
    - allow
    - allow for
    - allowance
    - alone
    - aloud
    - alphabetically
    - already
    - also
    - alter
    - alternative
    - ambit
    - amenities
    - amicable
    - amiss
    * * *
    pron relativo
    1. (sujeto) [persona] who, that;
    [cosa] that, which;
    la mujer que me saluda the woman (who o that is) waving to me;
    el que me lo compró the one o person who bought it from me;
    el hombre, que decía llamarse Simón, era bastante sospechoso the man, who said he was called Simón, seemed rather suspicious;
    ¿hay alguien que tenga un encendedor? does anyone have a lighter?;
    la moto que me gusta the motorbike (that) I like;
    hace natación, que es muy sano she swims, which is very good for your health;
    la salsa fue lo que más me gustó the sauce was the bit I liked best;
    el que más y el que menos every last one of us/them, all of us/them without exception
    2. (complemento directo) (se puede omitir en inglés) [persona] who, Formal whom;
    [cosa] that, which;
    el hombre que conociste ayer the man (who o whom) you met yesterday;
    la persona/el lugar que estás buscando the person/the place you're looking for;
    eres de los pocos a los que invitaron you're one of the few people (who) they invited;
    esa casa es la que o [m5] esa es la casa que me quiero comprar that house is the one (that) I want to buy, that's the house (that) I want to buy;
    eso es todo lo que sé that's all o everything I know
    3. (complemento indirecto) (se puede omitir en inglés)
    al que, a la que, a los/las que (to) who, Formal (to) whom;
    ese es el chico al que presté dinero that's the boy (who) I lent some money to, that's the boy (to) whom I lent some money
    4. (complemento circunstancial)
    la playa a la que fui the beach where I went, the beach I went to;
    la mujer con/de la que hablas the woman (who) you are talking to/about;
    la mesa en la que escribes the table on which you are writing, the table you are writing on;
    la manera o [m5] forma en que lo dijo the way (in which) she said it;
    (en) que [indicando tiempo] when;
    el día (en) que me fui the day (when) I left;
    el año (en) que nos conocimos the year (when) we first met
    5. [en frases]
    en lo que tú te arreglas, yo recojo la cocina I'll tidy the kitchen up while you're getting ready
    conj
    1. (con oraciones de sujeto) that;
    es importante que me escuches it's important that you listen to me, it's important for you to listen to me;
    que haya pérdidas no significa que vaya a haber despidos the fact that we've suffered losses doesn't mean anyone is going to lose their job;
    sería mejor que no se lo dijeras it would be better if you didn't tell her;
    se suponía que era un secreto it was supposed to be a secret
    2. (con oraciones de complemento directo) that;
    me ha confesado que me quiere he has told me that he loves me;
    creo que no iré I don't think (that) I'll go;
    procura que no se te escape el perro try and make sure (that) the dog doesn't get away from you;
    intentamos que todos estén contentos we try to keep everybody happy;
    me dijeron que me quedara en casa they told me to stay at home;
    me dijeron que dónde iba they asked me where I was going
    3. (después de preposición)
    estoy convencido de que es cierto I'm convinced (that) it's true;
    con que esté listo el jueves es suficiente as long as it's ready by Thursday, that'll be fine;
    estoy en contra de que siga en el cargo I'm opposed to him continuing in his job;
    sin que nadie se entere without anyone realizing;
    el hecho de que… the fact that…
    4. (comparativo) than;
    es más rápido que tú he's quicker than you;
    alcanza la misma velocidad que un tren convencional it can go as fast as a conventional train;
    trabaja el doble de horas que yo she works twice as many hours as me;
    antes morir que vivir la guerra otra vez I'd rather die than live through the war again
    5. [indica causa, motivo]
    hemos de esperar, que todavía no es la hora we'll have to wait, (as) it isn't time yet;
    no quiero café, que luego no duermo I won't have any coffee, it stops me from sleeping;
    baja la voz, que nos van a oír lower your voice or they'll hear us;
    el dólar ha subido, que lo oí en la radio the dollar has gone up, I heard it on the radio
    6. [indica consecuencia] that;
    tanto me lo pidió que se lo di he asked me for it so insistently that I gave it to him;
    ¡esta habitación huele que apesta! this room stinks!;
    mira si es grande que no cabe por la puerta it's so big it won't go through the door
    7. [indica finalidad] so (that);
    ven aquí que te vea come over here so (that) I can see you
    8. [indica deseo, mandato] that;
    espero que te diviertas I hope (that) you have fun;
    ¡que te diviertas! have fun!;
    quiero que lo hagas I want you to do it;
    Fam
    ¡que se vaya a la porra! she can go to hell!;
    por favor, que nadie se mueva de aquí please don't anybody go away from here;
    ¡que llamen a un médico! get them to call a doctor!
    9. [para reiterar, hacer hincapié]
    ¡que te doy un bofetón! do that again and I'll slap you!;
    ¿no vas a venir? – ¡que sí! aren't you coming? – of course I am!;
    ¿pero de verdad no quieres venir? – ¡que no! but do you really not want to come? – definitely not!;
    ¡que me dejes! just leave me alone!;
    ¡que pases te digo! but do come in, please!
    10. [para expresar contrariedad, enfado]
    ¡que tenga una que hacer estas cosas a sus años! that she should have to do such things at her age!
    11. (en oraciones interrogativas) [para expresar reacción a lo dicho]
    ¿que quiere venir? pues que venga so she wants to come? then let her;
    ¿que te han despedido? [con tono de incredulidad] you're telling me they've sacked you?;
    ¿cómo que dónde está? ¡donde siempre! what do you mean where is it? it's where it always is!
    12. [para explicar]
    es que… the thing is (that)…, it's just (that)…;
    es que yo ya tengo perro the thing is (that) o it's just (that) I already have a dog;
    ¿es que te da vergüenza? are you embarrassed (or what)?, is it that you're embarrassed?
    13. [indica hipótesis] if;
    que no quieres hacerlo, pues no pasa nada it doesn't matter if you don't want to do it;
    ¿que llueve? nos quedamos en casa if it rains, we'll just stay at home;
    ¿tú que él qué harías? what would you do if you were him o (if you were) in his shoes?
    14. [indica disyunción] or;
    quieras que no, harás lo que yo mando you'll do what I tell you, whether you like it or not;
    han tenido algún problema que otro they've had the odd problem
    15. [indica reiteración]
    estuvieron charla que te charla toda la mañana they were chatting o esp Br nattering away all morning;
    se pasó el día llora que te llora she cried and cried all day, she didn't stop crying all day
    * * *
    I pron rel sujeto: persona who, that; cosa which, that; complemento: persona that, whom fml ; cosa that, which;
    el coche que ves the car you can see, the car that o which you can see;
    el que the one that;
    la que the one that;
    lo que what
    II conj that;
    lo mismo que tú the same as you;
    ¡que entre! tell him to come in;
    ¡que descanses! sleep well;
    ¡que sí! I said yes;
    ¡que no! I said no;
    es que … the thing is …;
    yo que tú if I were you;
    ¡que no se repita! make sure it doesn’t happen again!;
    ¡que me pase esto a mí! I can’t believe this is happening to me!;
    eso sí que no definitely not!;
    * * *
    qué adv
    : how, what
    ¡qué bonito!: how pretty!
    qué adj
    : what, which
    ¿qué hora es?: what time is it?
    qué pron
    : what
    ¿qué quieres?: what do you want?
    que conj
    1) : that
    dice que está listo: he says that he's ready
    espero que lo haga: I hope that he does it
    2) : than
    más que nada: more than anything
    ¡que entre!: send him in!
    ¡que te vaya bien!: I wish you well!
    ¡cuidado, que te caes!: be careful, you're about to fall!
    no provoques al perro, que te va a morder: don't provoke the dog or (else) he'll bite
    5)
    es que : the thing is that, I'm afraid that
    6)
    yo que tú : if I were you
    que pron
    1) : who, that
    la niña que viene: the girl who is coming
    2) : whom, that
    los alumnos que enseñé: the students that I taught
    3) : that, which
    el carro que me gusta: the car that I like
    4)
    el (la, lo, las, los) que el, la, lo, los
    * * *
    que1 conj
    En las exclamaciones y algunas otras construcciones, que no se traduce
    ¡que lo pases bien! enjoy yourself! / have a good time!
    ahora no voy, que es demasiado tarde I'm not going now, it's too late
    dame la chaqueta, que te la cuelgue give me your jacket, I'll hang it up for you
    ¿a que...? I bet...
    ¿a que no sabes a quién vi ayer? I bet you don't know who I saw yesterday
    que2 pron
    el ganador, que tiene 25 años, es periodista the winner, who is 25, is a journalist who puede omitirse cuando va seguido del sujeto de un verbo
    la casa, que estaba vacía, se quemó the house, which was empty, burnt down which puede omitirse cuando va seguido del sujeto de un verbo

    Spanish-English dictionary > que

  • 19 निर् _nir

    निर् ind. A substitute for निस् before vowels and soft consonants conveying the senses of 'out of', 'away from'. 'without', 'free from', and be frequently expressed by 'less', 'un', used with the noun; see the compounds given below; see निस् and cf. अ also.
    -Comp. -अंश a.
    1 whole, entire.
    -2 not entitled to any share of the ancestral property.
    -अक्षः the place of no latitute; i. e. the terrestrial equator (in astronomy). ˚देशः
    1 a first meridian, as Laṅkā.
    -2 a place where the sun is always vertical and the days and nights are equal.
    -3 the equatorial region.
    -अक्षर a. Not knowing the letters, illiterate.
    -अग्नि a. having lost or neg- lected the consecrated fire; स संन्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रियः Bg.6.1.
    -अग्र (क) a. divisible without remain- der.
    -अङ्कुश a. 'not curbed by a hook', unchecked, uncontrolled; unruly, independent, completely free, unfettered; निरङ्कुश इव द्विपः Bhāg.; कामो निकामनिरङ्कुशः Gīt.7; निरङ्कुशाः कवयः Sk.; Bh.3.15; Mv.3.39; विनयरुचयः सदैव निरङ्कुशाः Mu.3.6. ˚ता self-will, indepen- dence.
    -अघ a. sinless, blameless.
    -अङ्ग a.
    1 having no parts.
    -2 deprived of expedients or resources.
    -अजिन a. skinless.
    -अञ्जन a.
    1 without collyrium; निरञ्जने साचिविलोलिकं दृशौ Ki.8.52.
    -2 unstained, untinged.
    -3 free from falsehood; तदा विद्वान् पुण्यपापे विधूय निरञ्जनं परमं साम्यमुपैति Munda 3.1.3.
    -4 simple, artless.
    (-नः) 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 N. of the Supreme Being.
    (-ना) 1 the day of full moon.
    -2 an epithet of Durgā.
    -अतिशय a. unsurpassed, matchless, un- rivalled; निरतिशयं गरिमाणं तेन जनन्याः स्मरन्ति विद्वांसः Pt.1.3. (
    -यः) the Supreme Being.
    -अत्यय a.
    1 free from danger, secure, safe; तद्भवान् वृत्तसंपन्नः स्थितः पथि निरत्यये Rām.4.29.12; R.17.53.
    -2 free from fault, unblamable, faultless, disinterested; Ki.1.12, शक्तिरर्थपतिषु स्वयंग्रहं प्रेम कारयति वा निरत्ययम् 13.61.
    -3 com- pletely successful.
    -अधिष्ठान a.
    1 supportless.
    -2 in- dependent.
    -अध्व a. one who has lost one's way.
    -अनुक्रोश a. pitiless, merciless, hard-hearted. (
    -शः) mercilessness, hard-heartedness.
    -अनुग a. having no followers.
    -अनुग्रह a. Ungracious, unkind; Bhāg.5. 12.7.
    -अनुनासिक a. not nasal.
    -अनुमान a. not bound to conclusions or consequences.
    -अनुयोज्य a. unblamable, faultless.
    -अनुरोध a.
    1 unfavourable, unfriendly.
    -2 unkind, unamiable; Māl.1.
    -अन्तर a.
    -1 constant, perpetual, uninterrupted, incessant; निरन्त- राधिपटलैः Bv.1.16; निरन्तरास्वन्तरवातवृष्टिषु Ku.5.25.
    -2 having no intervening or intermediate space, having no interval, close, closely contiguous, in close contact; मूढे निरन्तरपयोधरया मयैव Mk.5.15; हृदयं निरन्तरबृहत्कठिनस्तन- मण्डलावरणमप्यभिदन् Śi.9.66.
    -3 compact, dense; परितो रुद्धनिरन्तराम्बराः Śi.16.76.
    -4 coarse, gross.
    -5 faithful, true (as a friend).
    -6 not hidden from view.
    -7 not different, similar, identical.
    -8 sincere, sympathetic; सुहृदि निरन्तरचित्ते (निवेद्य दुःखं सुखीभवति) Pt.1.341.
    -9 abounding in, full of; निपात्यमानैर्ददृशे निरन्तरम् Rām.7.7. 54; गुणैश्च निरन्तराणि Mv.4.12. (
    -रम्) ind.
    1 without interruption, constantly, continually, incessantly.
    -2 without intervening space or interval.
    -3 closely, tightly, firmly; (परिष्वजस्व) कान्तैरिदं मम निरन्तरमङ्गमङ्गैः Ve.3.27; परिष्वजेते शयने निरन्तरम् Ṛs.2.11.
    -4 immedia- tely. ˚अभ्यासः constant study, diligent exercise or pra- ctice.
    -अन्तराल a.
    1 without an intervening space, close.
    -2 narrow.
    -अन्धस् a. foodless, hungry.
    -अन्वय a.
    1 having no progeny, childless.
    -2 unconnected, unrelated; Ms.8.198.
    -3 not agreeing with the con- text (as a word in a sentence).
    -4 without logical connection or regular sequence, unmethodical.
    -5 without being seen, out of sight; निरन्वयं भवेत् स्तेयम् Ms.8. 332.
    -6 without retinue, unaccompanied, see अन्वय.
    -7 sudden, unexpected; U.7.
    -8 exterminatory, without leaving any species or trace; प्रागाधारनिरन्वयप्रमथनादुच्छेदमे- वाकरोः... Mv.3.13; (com. नाशो द्विविधः--स्वान्वयविनाशः, निरन्वयविनाशश्चेति......निर्वापणादिना सजातीयज्वालोदयानर्हविनाशस्तु निरन्वयविनाशः ।).
    -अपत्रप a.
    1 shameless, impudent.
    -2 bold.
    -अपराध a. guiltless, innocent, faultless, blame- less. (
    -धः) innocence.
    -अपवर्त a.
    1 not turning back.
    -2 (in arith.) leaving no common divisor, reduced to the lowest terms.
    -अपवाद a.
    1 blameless.
    -2 not admitting of any exception.
    -अपाय a.
    1 free from harm or evil.
    -2 free from decay, imperishable.
    -3 infallible; उपायो निरपायो$यमस्माभिरभिचिन्तितः Rām.1.1.2.
    -अपेक्ष a.
    1 not depending on, irrespective or independent of, having no need of (with loc.); न्यायनिर्णीतसारत्वा- न्निरपेक्षमिवागमे Ki.11.39.
    -2 disregarding, taking no notice of.
    -3 free from desire, secure; निरपेक्षो न कर्तव्यो भृत्यैः स्वामी कदाचन H.2.82.
    -4 careless, negligent, indifferent
    -5 indifferent to worldly attachments or pursuits; समुपोढेषु कामेषु निरपेक्षः परिव्रजेत् Ms.6.41.
    -6 disinterested, not expecting any reward from another; दिशि दिशि निरपेक्ष- स्तावकीनं विवृण्वन् Bv.1.5.
    -7 without purpose. (
    -क्षा) indifference, disregard.
    -अपेक्षित a.
    1 disregarded.
    -2 regardless.
    -अपेक्षिन् a. disregarding, indifferent.
    -अभिभव a.
    1 not subject to humiliation or disgrace.
    -2 not to be surpassed, unrivalled.
    -अभिमान a.
    1 free from self-conceit, devoid of pride or egotism.
    -2 void of self-respect.
    -3 unconscious.
    -अभिलाष a. not caring for, indifferent to; स्वसुखनिरभिलाषः खिद्यसे लोकहेतोः Ś.5.7.
    -अभिसंधानम् absence of design.
    -अभ्र a. cloudless.
    -अमर्ष a.
    1 void of anger, patient.
    -2 apa- thetic.
    -अम्बर a. naked.
    -अम्बु a.
    1 abstaining from water.
    -2 waterless, destitute of water.
    -अर्गल a. without a bolt, unbarred, unobstructed, unrestrained, unimpeded, completely free; M.5; मरणसमये त्यक्त्वा शङ्कां प्रलापनिरर्गलम् Māl.5.26. (
    -लम्) ind. freely.
    -अर्थ a.
    1 void of wealth, poor, indigent; स्त्रियः कृतार्थाः पुरुषं निरर्थं निष्पीडितालक्तकवत्त्यजन्ति Pt.1.194.
    -2 meaningless, un- meaning (as a word or sentence).
    -3 non-sensical.
    -4 vain, useless, purposeless.
    (-र्थः) 1 loss, detriment.
    -2 nonsense.
    -अर्थक a.
    1 useless, vain, unprofitable.
    -2 unmeaning, nonsensical, conveying no reasonable meaning; इत्थं जन्म निरर्थकं क्षितितले$रण्ये यथा मालती S. D.
    -3 (a consonant) not followed by a vowel. (
    -कम्) an expletive; निरर्थकं तु हीत्यादि पूरणैकप्रयोजनम् Chandr.2.6.
    -अलंकृतिः (in Rhet.) want of ornament, simplicity.
    -अवकाश a.
    1 without free space.
    -2 without leisure.
    -अवग्रह a.
    1 'free from restraint', unrestrained, un- checked, uncontrolled, irresistible.
    -2 free, indepen- dent.
    -3 self-willed, head-strong. (
    -हम्) ind.
    1 un- interruptedly.
    -2 intensely, strongly.
    -अवद्य a.
    1 blameless, faultless, unblameable, unobjectionable; हृद्य- निरवद्यरूपो भूपो बभूव Dk.1.
    -2 an epithet of the Supreme Being (having no passions).
    -अवधि a. having no end, unlimited; कथं तूष्णीं सह्यो निरवधिरयं त्वप्रतिविधः U. 3.44;6.3; Māl.1.6.
    -2 continuous; महानाधिव्याधि- र्निरवधिरिदानीं प्रसरतु Māl.4.3.
    1 without parts.
    -2 indivisible.
    -3 without limbs.
    -अवलम्ब a.
    1 unsupported, without support; Ś.6.
    -2 not affording support.
    -3 not depending or relying on.
    -अवशेष a. whole, complete, entire, (निरवशेषेण ind. completely, entirely, fully, totally).
    -अवसाद a. cheerful; Gīt.
    -अव्यय a. eternal, immutable.
    - अशन a. abstaining from food. (
    -नम्) fasting.
    -अश्रि a. even; Kau. A.2.11.
    -अष्ट a. Ved. driven away, scattered. (
    -ष्टः) a horse twentyfour years old.
    -अस्त्र a. weaponless, unarmed.
    -अस्थि a. boneless.
    -अहंकार, -अहंकृति a. free from egotism or pride, humble, lowly; Bg.12.13.
    -अहंकृत a.
    1 having no egotism or self-consciousness.
    -2 without individuality.
    -3 unselfish.
    -अहम् a. free from egotism or self-conceit; ह्यनामरूपं निरहं प्रपद्ये Bhāg. 5.19.4.
    -आकाङ्क्ष a.
    1 wishing nothing, free from desire.
    -2 wanting nothing to fill up or complete (as the sense of a word or sentence).
    -आकार a.
    1 devoid of form, formless, without form.
    -2 ugly, deformed.
    -3 disguised.
    -4 unassuming, modest.
    (-रः) 1 the universal spirit, Almighty.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -3 of Viṣṇu. ˚ज्ञानवादः the doctrine that the perception of the outer world does not arise from images impres- sed on the mind; Sarva. S.
    -आकृति a.
    1 formless, shapeless.
    -2 deformed.
    (-तिः) 1 a religious student who has not duly gone through a course of study, or who has not properly read the Vedas.
    -2 especially, a Brāhmaṇa who has neglected the duties of his caste by not going through a regular course of study; a fool; ग्रामधान्यं यथा शून्यं यथा कूपश्च निर्जलः । यथा हुतमनग्नौ च तथैव स्यान्निराकृतौ ॥ Mb.12.36.48.
    -3 one who neglects the five great religious duties or yajñas; Ms.3.154.
    -आकाश a. leaving no free space, completely filled or occupied,
    -आकुल a.
    1 unconfused, unperplexed, un- bewildered; Ki.11.38.
    -2 steady, calm; सुपात्रनिक्षेपनिरा- कुलात्मना (प्रजासृजा) Śi.1.28.
    -3 clear.
    -4 perspicuous; अलिकुलसङ्कुलकुसुमसमूहनिराकुलबकुलकलापे Gīt.1.
    (-लम्) 1 calmness serenity.
    -2 perspicuity, clearness.
    -आक्रन्द a. not crying or complaining. (
    -दः) a place where no sound can be heard.
    -आक्रोश a. unaccused, unreviled.
    - आगम a. not founded on revelation or scripture, not derived from the Vedas.
    -आगस् a. faultless, innocent, sinless; कथमेकपदे निरागसं जनमाभाष्यमिमं न मन्यसे R.8.48.
    -आचार a. without approved customs or usages, lawless, barbarian.
    -आडम्बर a.
    1 without drums.
    -2 without show, unostentatious.
    -आतङ्क a.
    1 free from fear; R.1.63; निरातङ्को रङ्को विहरति चिरं कोटिकनकैः Śaṅkara (देव्यपराधक्षमापनस्तोत्रम् 6).
    -2 without ailment, comfort- able, healthy.
    -3 not causing pain.
    -4 unchecked, unhampered; निरातङ्कः पङ्केष्विव पिशितपिण्डेषु विलसन् Māl. 5.34. (
    -कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    - आतप a. sheltered from heat, shady, not penetrated by the sun's rays. (
    -पा) the night.
    - आदर a. disrespectful.
    -आदान a.
    1 taking or receiving nothing; Mb.3.
    -2 an epithet of Buddha.
    -आधार a.
    1 without a receptacle.
    -2 without support, supportless (fig. also); निराधारो हा रोदिमि कथय केषामिह पुरः G. L.4.39.
    -आधि a. secure, free from anxiety.
    -आनन्द a. cheerless, sad, sorrowful.
    -आन्त्र a.
    1 disembowelled.
    -2 having the entrails hanging out.
    -आपद् a. free from misfortune or calamity. (-f.) prosperity.
    -आबाध a.
    1 unvexed, unmolested, undis- turbed, free from disturbance.
    -2 unobstructed.
    -3 not molesting or disturbing.
    -4 (in law) frivolously vexatious (as a suit or cause of complaint); e. g. अस्मद्- गृहप्रदीपप्रकाशेनायं स्वगृहे व्यवहरति Mitā.
    1 free from disease or illness, sound, healthy, hale.
    -2 untainted, pure.
    -3 guileless.
    -4 free from defects or blemishes.
    -5 full, complete.
    -6 infallible.
    -7 not liable to failure or miscarriage. (
    -यः, यम्) freedom from disease or illness, health, well-being, welfare, happiness; कुरूणां पाण्डवानां च प्रतिपत्स्व निरामयम् Mb.5.78.8.
    (-यः) 1 a wild goat.
    -2 a hog or boar.
    -आमिष a.
    1 fleshless; निरुपमरसप्रीत्या खादन्नरास्थि निरामिषम् Bh.
    -2 having no sensual desires or covetousness; Ms.6.49.
    -3 receiving no wages or remuneration.
    -आय a. yielding no income or revenue, profitless.
    -यः an idler living from hand to mouth.
    1 full-stretched or extended; निरायतपूर्वकायाः Ś.1.8.
    -2 contracted, compact.
    -आय- -तत्वम् shortness, compactness; निरायतत्वादुदरेण ताम्यता Ki.8.17.
    -आयति a. one whose end is at hand; नियता लघुता निरायतेः Ki.2.14.
    -आयास a. not fatiguing, easy.
    -आयुध a. unarmed, weaponless.
    -आरम्भ a. abstaining from all work (in good sense); Mb.3.82.11.
    -आलम्ब a.
    1 having no prop or support (fig. also); ऊर्ध्वबाहुं निरालम्बं तं राजा प्रत्यभाषत Rām.7.89.1; निरालम्बो लोकः कुलमयशसा नः परिवृतम् Mv.4.53.
    -2 not depending on another, independent.
    -3 self-supported, friendless, alone; निरालम्बो लम्बोदरजननि कं यामि शरणम् Jag. (
    -म्बा) spikenard. (
    -म्बम्) Brahman.
    -आलोक a.
    1 not looking about or seeing.
    -2 deprived of sight.
    -3 deprived of light, dark; निरालोकं लोकम् Māl.5.3; Bhāg.8.24.35.
    -5 invisible. (
    -कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -आवर्ण a. manifest, evident.
    -आश a.
    1 devoid of hope, despairing or despondent of; मनो बभूवेन्दुमतीनिराशम् R.6.2.
    -2 depriving (one) of all hope.
    -आशक, -आशिन् a. hopeless; अद्य दुर्योधनो राज्याज्जीविताच्च निराशकः (भविष्यति) Mb.8.74.13.
    -आशङ्क a. fearless.
    -आशा hopeless- ness, despair.
    -आशिस् a.
    1 without a boon or blessing, without virtues; आश्रमा विहिताः सर्वे वर्जयित्वा निराशिषम् Mb.12.63.13.
    -2 without any desire, wish or hope, indifferent; निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा Bg.4.21; जगच्छ- रण्यस्य निराशिषः सतः Ku.5.76.
    -आश्रय a.
    1 without a prop or support, supportless, unsupported; न तिष्ठति निराश्रयं लिङ्गम् Sāṅ. K.41.
    -2 friendless, destitute, alone, without shelter or refuge; निराश्रयाधुना वत्सलता.
    -3 not deep (as a wound).
    -आस्वाद a. tasteless, insipid, un- savoury.
    -आहार a. 'foodless', fasting, abstaining from food. (
    -रः) fasting; कालो$ग्निः कर्म मृद् वायुर्मनो ज्ञानं तपो जलम् । पश्चात्तापो निराहारः सर्वे$मी शुद्धिहेतवः ॥ Y.3.31.
    -इङ्ग a. immovable, stationary; यथा दीपो निवातस्थो निरिङ्गो ज्वलते पुनः Mb.12.46.6.
    -इच्छ a. without wish or desire, indifferent.
    -इन्द्रिय a.
    1 having lost a limb or the use of it.
    -2 mutilated, maimed.
    -3 weak, infirm, frail; Kaṭh.1.1.3.
    -4 barren.
    -5 without प्रमाण or means of certain knowledge; निरिन्द्रिया ह्यमन्त्राश्च स्त्रियो$नृत- मिति स्थितिः Ms.9.18.
    -6 destitute of manly vigour, impotent (Ved.).
    -इन्धन a. destitute of fuel.
    -ईति a. free from the calamities of the season; निरातङ्का निरीतयः R.1.63; see ईति.
    -ईश्वर a. godless, atheistic. -˚वाद atheistic doctrine.
    -ईषम् the body of a plough.
    -ईह a.
    1 desireless, indifferent; निरीहाणामीशस्तृणमिव तिरस्कारविषयः Mu.3.16.
    -2 inactive; निरीहस्य हतद्विषः R.1.24.
    (-हा), -निरीहता, -त्वम् 1 inactivity.
    -2 indifference.
    -उच्छ्वास a.
    1 breathless, without breathing; निरुच्छ्वासं हरिं चक्रुः Rām.7.7.6.
    -2 narrow, contracted; उपेयुषो वर्त्म निरन्तराभिरसौ निरुच्छ्वासमनीकिनीभिः Śi.3.32.
    -3 dead; निरुच्छ्वासाः पुनः केचित् पतिता जगतीतले Rām.6.58.13. (
    -सः) absence of breath; लोका निरुच्छ्वासनिपीडिता भृशम् Bhāg.4. 8.8.
    -उत्तर a.
    1 answerless, without a reply.
    -2 un- able to answer, silenced.
    -3 having no superior.
    -उत्थ a. irrecoverable.
    -उद्धति a. not jolting (a chariot); अभूतल- स्पर्शतया निरुद्धतिः Ś.7.1. (v. l.)
    -उत्सव a. without festivi- ties; विरतं गेयमृतुर्निरुत्सवः R.8.66.
    -उत्साह a.
    1 inactive, indolent.
    -2 devoid of energy.
    (-हः) 1 absence of energy.
    -2 indolence.
    -उत्सुक a.
    1 indifferent.
    -2 calm, tranquil.
    - उदक a. waterless.
    1 having no belly or trunk.
    -2 thin (अतुन्दिल); श्रीमान्निरुदरो महान् Rām.3.16.31.
    -उद्यम, -उद्योग a. effortless, inactive, lazy, idle.
    उद्विग्न, -उद्वेग a. free from excitement or perturbation, sedate, calm.
    -उपक्रम a.
    1 without a commencement.
    -2 incurable.
    -उपद्रव a.
    1 free from calamity or affliction, not visited by danger or adver- sity, lucky, happy, undisturbed, unmolested, free from hostile attacks.
    -2 free from national distress or tyranny.
    -3 causing no affliction.
    -4 auspicious (as a star).
    -5 secure, peaceful.
    -उपधि a. guileless, honest; U.2.2. ˚जीवन a. leading an honest life. (v. l.).
    -उपपत्ति a. unsuitable.
    1 without any title or designation; अरे आर्यचारुदत्तं निरुपपदेन नाम्नालपसि Mk.1.18/19.
    -2 unconnected with a subordinate word.
    -उपप्लव a.
    1 free from disturbance, obstacle or calamity, unharmed; निरुपप्लवानि नः कर्माणि संवृत्तानि Ś3.
    -2 not causing any affliction or misery.
    -3 an epithet of Śiva.
    -उपभोग a. without enjoyment; संसरति निरुपभोगं भावैरधिवासितं लिङ्गम् Sāṅ. K.4.
    - उपम a. peerless, matchless, incomparable.
    -उपसर्ग free from portents.
    -उपस्कृत a. not corrupted, pure; of self-denying temperament; शमेन तपसा चैव भक्त्या च निरुपस्कृतः । शुद्धात्मा ब्राह्मणो रात्रौ निदर्शनमपश्यत ॥ Mb.12.271.14.
    1 not injured, unhurt.
    -2 auspicious, lucky.
    -उपाख्य a.
    1 unreal, false, non-existent (as वन्ध्यापुत्र).
    -2 immaterial.
    -3 invisible. (
    -ख्यम्) the supreme Brahman.
    -उपाधि (क) a. without qualities, absolute.
    -उपाय a.
    1 without expedients, helpless.
    -2 unsuc- cessful.
    -उपेक्ष a.
    1 free from trick or fraud.
    -2 not neglectful.
    -उष्मन् a. devoid of heat, cold.
    -गन्ध a. void of smell, scentless, unfragrant, inodorous; निर्गन्धा इव किंशुकाः. ˚पुष्पी f. the Śālmali tree.
    -गर्व a. free from pride.
    -गवाक्ष a. windowless.
    -गुण a.
    1 stringless (as a bow).
    -2 devoid of all properties.
    -3 devoid of good qualities, bad, worthless; निर्गुणः शोभते नैव विपुलाड- म्बरो$पि ना Bv.1.115.
    -4 without attributes; साकारं च निराकारं सगुणं निर्गुणं विभुम् Brahmavai. P.
    -5 having no epithet. (
    -णः) the Supreme Spirit. ˚आत्मक a. having no qualities.
    -गृहः a. houseless, homeless; सुगृही निर्गृही- कृता Pt.39.
    -गौरव a.
    1 without dignity, undignified.
    -2 devoid of respect.
    -ग्रन्थ a.
    1 freed from all ties or hindrances; आत्मारामाश्च मुनयो निर्ग्रन्था अप्युरुक्रमे । कुर्वन्त्यहैतुकीं भक्तिम् Bhāg.1.7.1.
    -2 poor, possessionless, beggarly.
    -3 alone, unassisted.
    (-न्थः) 1 an idiot, a fool.
    -2 a gambler.
    -3 a saint or devotee who has renounced all worldly attachments and wanders about naked and lives as a hermit.
    -4 A Buddha Muni.
    -ग्रन्थक a.
    1 clever, expert.
    -2 unaccompanied, alone.
    -3 deserted, abandoned.
    -4 fruitless. (
    -कः 1 a religious mendicant.
    -2 a naked devotee.
    -3 a gam- bler.
    -ग्रन्थिक a. clever. (
    -कः) a naked mendicant, a Jaina mendicant of the Digambara class.
    -घटम् 1 a free market.
    -2 a crowded market.
    -घण्टः See निघण्टः.
    -घृण a.
    1 cruel, merciless, pitiless.
    -2 shame- less, immodest.
    -घृणा cruelty.
    -घोष a. noiseless, still, calm.
    -जन a.
    1 tenantless, uninhabited, unfrequented, lonely, desolate.
    -2 without any retinue or attendants; भूयश्चैवाभिरक्षन्तु निर्धनान्निर्जना इव Mb.12.151.7. (
    -नम्) a desert, solitude, lonely place.
    -जन्तु a. free from living germs; H. Yoga.
    -जर a.
    1 young, fresh.
    -2 imperishable, immortal. (
    -रः) a deity, god; (nom. pl. निर्जराः -निर्जरसः) (
    -रम्) ambrosia, nectar.
    -जरायु a. Ved. skinless.
    -जल a.
    1 waterless, desert, destitute of water.
    -2 not mixed with water. (
    -लः) a waste, desert. ˚एकादशी N. of the eleventh day in the bright half of Jyeṣṭha.
    -जाड्य free from coldness.
    -जिह्वः a frog.
    -जीव a.
    1 lifeless.
    -2 dead; चिता दहति निर्जीवं चिन्ता दहति जीवितम्.
    -ज्ञाति a. having no kinsmen, alone.
    -ज्वर a. feverless, healthy.
    -दण्डः a Śūdra.
    -दय a.
    1 merci- less, cruel, pitiless, unmerciful, unkind.
    -2 passion- ate.
    -3 very close, firm or fast, strong, excessive, violent; मुग्धे विधेहि मयि निर्दयदन्तदंशम् Gīt.1; निर्दयरति- श्रमालसाः R.19.32; निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः Me.18.
    -4 unpitied by any; निर्दया निर्नमस्कारास्तन्मनोरनुशासनम् Ms.9.239.
    -दयम् ind.
    1 unmercifully, cruelly.
    -2 violently, excessively; न प्रहर्तुमलमस्मि निर्दयम् R.11.84.
    -दश a. more than ten days old; यदा पशुर्निर्दशः स्यादथ मेध्यो भवे- दिति Bhāg.9.7.11.
    - दशन a. toothless.
    -दाक्षिण्य a. uncourteous.
    -दुःख a.
    1 free from pain, painless.
    -2 not causing pain.
    -दैन्य a. happy, comfortable.
    -दोष a.
    1 faultless, defectless; न निर्दोषं न निर्गुणम्
    -2 guiltless, innocent.
    -द्रव्य a.
    1 immaterial.
    -2 without property, poor.
    -द्रोह a. not hostile, friendly, well-disposed, not malicious.
    -द्वन्द्व a.
    1 indifferent in regard to opposite pairs of feelings (pleasure or pain), neither glad nor sorry; निर्द्वन्द्वो निर्ममो भूत्वा चरिष्यामि मृगैः सह Mb.1.85.16; निर्द्वन्द्वो नित्यसत्त्वस्थो निर्योगक्षेम आत्मवान् Bg.2.45.
    -2 not dependent upon another, independent.
    -3 free from jealousy or envy.
    -4 not double.
    -5 not contested, un- disputed.
    -6 not acknowledging two principles.
    -धन a. without property, poor, indigent; शशिनस्तुल्यवंशो$पि निर्धनः परिभूयते Chāṇ.82. (
    -नः) an old ox. ˚ता, ˚त्वम् poverty, indigence.
    -धर्म a. unrighteous, impious, unholy.
    -धूम a. smokeless.
    -धौत a. cleansed, rendered clean; निर्धौत- दानामलगण्डभित्तिर्वन्यः सरित्तो गज उन्ममज्ज R.5.43.
    -नमस्कार a.
    1 not courteous or civil, not respecting any one.
    -2 disrespected, despised.
    -नर a. abandoned by men, deserted.
    -नाणक a. coinless, penniless; Mk.2.
    -नाथ a. without a guardian or master. ˚ता
    1 want of protection.
    -2 widowhood.
    -3 orphanage.
    -नाभि a. going or reaching beyond the navel; निर्नाभि कौशेयमुपात्तबाणम् Ku.7.7.
    -नायक a. having no leader or ruler, anarchic.
    -नाशन, -नाशिन् a. expelling, banishing.
    -निद्र a. sleepless, wakeful.
    -निमित्त a.
    1 causeless.
    -2 disinterested.
    -निमेष a. not twinkling.
    -बन्धु a. without kindred or relation, friendless.
    -बल n. powerless, weak, feeble.
    -बाध a.
    1 unobstructed.
    -2 unfrequented, lonely, solitary.
    -3 unmolested.
    (-धः) 1 a part of the marrow.
    -2 a knob.
    -बीज a. seedless, impotent. (
    -जा) a sort of grape (Mar. बेदाणा).
    -बुद्धि a. stupid, ignorant, foolish.
    -बुष, -बुस a. unhusked, freed from chaff.
    -भक्त a. taken without eating (as a medicine).
    -भय a.
    1 fearless, undaunted.
    -2 free from danger, safe, secure; निर्भयं तु भवेद्यस्य राष्ट्रं बाहुबलाश्रितम् Ms.9.255.
    -भर a.
    1 excessive, vehement, violent, much, strong; त्रपाभरनिर्भर- स्मरशर &c. Gīt.12; तन्व्यास्तिष्ठतु निर्भरप्रणयिता मानो$पि रम्यो- दयः Amaru.47.
    -2 ardent.
    -3 fast, close (as embrace); कुचकुम्भनिर्भरपरीरम्भामृतं वाञ्छति Gīt.; परिरभ्य निर्भरम् Gīt.1.
    -4 sound, deep (as sleep).
    -5 full of, filled with (at the end of comp.); आनन्द˚, गर्व˚ &c. (
    -रः) a servant receiving no wages. (
    -रम्) excess. (
    -रम् ind.)
    1 ex- cessively, exceedingly, intensely.
    -2 soundly.
    -भाग्य a. unfortunate, unlucky.
    -भाज्य a. to be separated; स निर्भाज्यः स्वकादंशात् किंचिद्दत्वोपजीवनम् Ms.9.27.
    -भृतिः a. without wages, hireless.
    -भोगः a. not fond of plea- sures.
    -मक्षिक a. 'free from flies', undisturbed, private, lonely. (
    -कम्) ind. without flies, i. e. lonely, private; कृतं भवतेदानीं निर्मक्षिकम् Ś.2,6.
    -मज्ज a. fatless, meagre.
    -मत्सर a. free from envy, unenvious; निर्मत्सरे मत्समे वत्स... वसुन्धराभारमारोप्य Rāmāyaṇachampū.
    -मत्स्य a. fishless.
    -मद a.
    1 not intoxicated, sober, quiet.
    -2 not proud, humble.
    -3 sad, sorry.
    -4 not in rut (as an elephant).
    -मनुज, -मनुष्य a. tenantless, uninhabited, deserted by men.
    -मन्तु a. faultless, innocent.
    -मन्त्र a.
    1 a ceremony, unaccompanied by holy texts.
    -2 not familiar with holy texts; Mb.12.36.43.
    -मन्यु, -मन्युक a. free from anger; Mb.5.133.4.
    -मम a.
    1 free from all connections with the outer world, who has renounced all worldly ties; संसारमिव निर्ममः (ततार) R.12.6; Bg.2.71; निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः 3.3.
    -2 unselfish, disinterested.
    -3 indifferent to (with loc.); निर्ममे निर्ममो$र्थेषु मथुरां मधुराकृतिः R.15.28; प्राप्तेष्वर्थेषु निर्ममाः Mb.
    -4 an epithet of Śiva.
    -मर्याद a.
    1 boundless, immeasurable.
    -2 transgressing the limits of right or propriety, unrestrained, unruly, sinful, criminal; मनुजपशुभिर्निर्मर्यादैर्भवद्भिरुदायुधैः Ve.3.22.
    -3 confused.
    -4 insolent, immodest. (
    -दम्) ind. confusedly, topsy- turvy. (
    -दम्) confusion, disorder.
    -मल a.
    1 free from dirt or impurities, clear, pure, stainless, unsullied (fig. also); नीरान्निर्मलतो जनिः Bv.1.63.
    -2 resplendent, bright; Bh.1.56.
    -3 sinless, virtuous; निर्मलाः स्वर्गमायान्ति सन्तः सुकृतिनो यथा Ms.8.318.
    (-लम्) 1 talc.
    -2 the remainings of an offering made to a deity. ˚उपलः a crystal.
    - मशक a. free from gnats.
    -मांस a. fleshless; स्वल्प- स्नायुवसावशेषमलिनं निर्मांसमप्यस्थिकम् Bh.2.3.
    -मान a.
    1 without self-confidence.
    -2 free from pride.
    -मानुष a. uninhabited, desolate.
    -मार्ग a. roadless, pathless.
    -मिथ्य a. not false, true; H. Yoga.
    -मुटः 1 a tree bearing large blossoms.
    -2 the sun.
    -3 a rogue. (
    -टम्) a large free market or fair.
    -मूल a.
    1 rootless (as a tree).
    -2 baseless, unfounded (statement, charge &c.).
    -3 eradicated.
    -मेघ a. cloudless.
    -मेध a. without un- derstanding, stupid, foolish, dull.
    -मोह a. free from illusion. (
    -हः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -यत्न a. inactive, lazy, dull.
    -यन्त्रण a.
    1 unrestrained, unobstructed, uncontrolled, unrestricted.
    -2 unruly, self-willed, in- dependent.
    (-णम्) 1 squeezing out.
    -2 absence of restraint, independence.
    -यशस्क a. without fame, dis- creditable, inglorious.
    -युक्त a.
    1 constructed, built.
    -2 directed.
    -3 (in music) limited to metre and mea- sure.
    -युक्ति f.
    1 disunion.
    -2 absence of connection or government.
    -3 unfitness, impropriety.
    -युक्तिक a.
    1 disjoined, unconnected.
    -2 illogical, unmeaning.
    -3 unfit, improper.
    -यूथ a. separated from the herd, strayed from the flock (as an elephant).
    -यूष = निर्यास.
    -योगक्षेम a. free from care (about acquisition); Bg.2. 45.
    -रक्त a. (
    -नीरक्त) colourless, faded.
    -रज, -रजस्क a.
    (-नीरज, नीरजस्क) 1 free from dust.
    -2 devoid of passion or darkness. (
    -जः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -रजस् (नरिजस्) a. see
    नीरज. (-f.) a woman not men- struating. ˚तमसा absence of passion or darkness.
    -रत (नीरत) a. not attached to, indifferent.
    -रन्ध्र a.
    (नीरन्ध्र) 1 without holes or interstices, very close or contiguous, thickly situated; नीरन्ध्रनीरनिचुलानि सरित्तटानि U.2.23.
    -2 thick, dense.
    -3 coarse, gross.
    -रव a. (
    -नीरव) not making any noise, noiseless; गतिविभ्रमसाद- नीरवा (रसना) R.8.58.
    -रस a.
    (नीरस) 1 tasteless, unsavoury, flavourless.
    -2 (fig.) insipid, without any poetic charm; नीरसानां पद्मानाम् S. D.1.
    -3 sapless, without juice, withered or dried up; Ś. Til.9.
    -4 vain, use- less, fruitless; अलब्धफलनीरसान् मम विधाय तस्मिन् जने V.2.11.
    -5 disagreeable.
    -6 cruel, merciless. (
    -सः) the pomegranate.
    - रसन a. (
    नीरसन) having no girdle (रसना); Ki.5.11.
    -रुच् a. (
    नीरुच्) without lustre, faded, dim; परिमलरुचिराभिर्न्यक्कृतास्तु प्रभाते युवतिभिरुप- भोगान्नीरुचः पुष्पमालाः Śi.11.27.
    -रुज्, -रुज a. (नीरुज्, नीरुज) free from sickness, healthy, sound; नीरुजस्य किमौषधैः H.1.
    -रूप a. (नीरूप) formless, shapeless.
    (-पः) 1 air, wind.
    -2 a god. (
    -पम्) ether.
    -रोग a. (नीरोग) free from sickness or disease, healthy, sound; यथा नेच्छति नीरोगः कदाचित् सुचिकित्सकम् Pt.1.118.
    -लक्षण a.
    1 having no auspicious marks, ill-featured.
    -2 undisting- uished.
    -3 unimportant, insignificant.
    -4 unspotted.
    -5 having a white back.
    -लक्ष्य a. invisible.
    -लज्ज a. shameless, impudent.
    -लाञ्छनम् the marking of dome- stic animals (by perforating the nose &c.).
    -लिङ्ग a. having no distinguishing or characteristic marks.
    -लिप्त a.
    1 unanointed.
    -2 undefiled, unsullied.
    -3 indifferent to.
    (-प्तः) 1 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -2 a sage.
    -लून a. cut through or off.
    -लेप a.
    1 unsmeared, unanointed; निर्लेपं काञ्चनं भाण्डमद्भिरेव विशुध्यति Ms.5.112.
    -2 stainless, sinless. (
    -पः) a sage.
    -लोभ a. free from desire or avarice, unavaricious.
    -लोमन् a. devoid of hair, hairless.
    -वंश a. without posterity, childless.
    1 not speaking, silent.
    -2 unobjectionable, blameless; (for other senses see the word separately).
    -नम् ind. silently; माल्येन तां निर्वचनं जघान Ku.7.19.
    -वण, -वन a.
    1 being out of a wood.
    -2 free from woods.
    -3 bare, open.
    -वत्सल a. not loving or fondling (esp. children); निर्वत्सले सुतशतस्य विपत्तिमेतां त्वं नानुचिन्तयसि Ve.5.3.
    -वर = निर्दरम् q. v.
    -वसु a. destitute of wealth, poor.
    -वाच्य a.
    1 not fit to be said.
    -2 blameless, unobjectionable; सखीषु निर्वाच्य- मधार्ष्ट्यदूषितं प्रियाङ्गसंश्लेषमवाप मानिनी Ki.8.48.
    -वात a. free or sheltered from wind, calm, still; हिमनिष्यन्दिनी प्रातर्निर्वातेव वनस्थली R.15.66. (
    -तः) a place sheltered from or not exposed to wind; निर्वाते व्यजनम् H.2.124.
    -वानर a. free from monkeys.
    -वायस a. free from crows.
    -वार्य a.
    1 irresistible.
    -2 acting fearlessly or boldly.
    -विकल्प, -विकल्पक a.
    1 not admitting an alternative.
    -2 being without determination or resolu- tion.
    -3 not capable of mutual relation.
    -4 conditioned.
    -5 undeliberative.
    -6 recognizing no such distinction as that of subject and object, or of the knower and the known; as applied to समाधि or contemplation, it is 'an exclusive concentration upon the one entity without distinct and separate consciousness of the knower, the known, and the knowing, and without even self-consciousness'; निर्विकल्पकः ज्ञातृज्ञानादिविकल्पभेद- लयापेक्षः; नो चेत् चेतः प्रविश सहसा निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Bh.3.61; आत्मारामा विहितरतयो निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Ve.1.23.
    -7 (in phil.) not arising from the relation of the qualifier and the qualified, (विशेषणविशेष्यसंबन्धानवगाहि प्रत्यक्षं ज्ञानम्) said of knowledge not derived from the senses, as घटत्व. (
    -ल्पम्) ind. without hesitation or wavering.
    -विकार a.
    1 unchanged, unchangeable, immutable.
    -2 not dispos- ed; तौ स्थास्यतस्ते नृपती निदेशे परस्परावग्रहनिर्विकारौ M.5.14.
    -3 disinterested; तरुविटपलतानां बान्धवो निर्विकारः Ṛs.2.28. (
    -रः) the Supreme deity.
    -विकास a. unblown.
    -विघ्न a. uninterrupted, unobstructed, free from impediments; निर्विघ्नं कुरु मे देव सर्वकार्येषु सर्वदा. (
    -घ्नम्) absence of impedi- ment.
    -विचार a. not reflecting, thoughtless, incon- siderate; रे रे स्वैरिणि निर्विचारकविते मास्मत्प्रकाशीभव Chandr. 1.2. (
    -रम्) ind. thoughtlessly, unhesitatingly.
    -वि- चिकित्स a. free from doubt or reflection.
    -विचेष्ट a. motionless, insensible; यो हि दिष्टमुपासीनो निर्विचेष्टः सुखं शयेत् Mb.3.32.14.
    -वितर्क a. unreflecting.
    -विनोद a. without amusement, void of pastime, diversion or solace; शङ्के रात्रौ गुरुतरशुचं निर्विनोदां सखीं ते Me.9.
    -विन्ध्या N. of a river in the Vindhya hills; निर्विन्ध्यायाः पथि भव रसाभ्यन्तरः सन्निपत्य Me.28.
    -विमर्श a.
    1 void of reflec- tion, thoughtless.
    -2 not having विमर्श Sandhi.
    -विवर a.
    1 having no opening or cavity.
    2 without interstices or interval, close, compact; घटते हि संहततया जनितामिदमेव निर्विवरतां दधतोः Śi.9.44.
    -विवाद a.
    1 not contending or disagreeing.
    -2 undisputed, not contra- dicted or disputed, universally acknowledged.
    -विवेक a. indiscreet, void of judgment, wanting in discrimination, foolish.
    -विशङ्क a. fearless, undaunted, confident; Ms.7.176; यस्मिन्कृत्यं समावेश्य निर्विशङ्केन चेतसा । आस्यते सेवकः स स्यात् कलत्रमिव चापरम् ॥ Pt.1.85.
    -विशेष a. showing or making no difference, indiscriminating, without dis- tinction; निर्विशेषा वयं त्वयि Mb.; निर्विशेषो विशेषः Bh.3.5. 'a difference without distinction'.
    -2 having no difference, same, like, not differing from (oft. in comp.); निर्विशेषाकृति 'having the same form'; प्रवातनीलो- त्पलनिर्विशेषम् Ku.1.46; स निर्विशेषप्रतिपत्तिरासीत् R.14.22.
    -3 indiscriminate, promiscuous. (
    -षः) absence of difference. (निर्विशेषम् and निर्विशेषेण are used adverbially in the sense of 'without difference', 'equally', indiscrimi- nately'; क्रुद्धेन विप्रमुक्तो$यं निर्विशेषं प्रियाप्रिये Rām.7.22.41. स्वगृहनिर्विशेषमत्र स्थीयताम् H.1; R.5.6.).
    -विशेषण a. without attributes.
    -विष a. poisonless (as a snake); निर्विषा डुण्डुभाः स्मृताः.
    -विषङ्ग a. not attached, indifferent.
    -विषय a.
    1 expelled or driven away from one's home, residence or proper place; मनोनिर्विषयार्थकामया Ku.5.38; R.9.32; also
    -निर्विषयीकृत; वने प्राक्कलनं तीर्थं ये ते निर्विषयी- कृताः Rām.2.14.4.
    -2 having no scope or sphere of action; किंच एवं काव्यं प्रविरलविषयं निर्विषयं वा स्यात् S. D.1.
    -3 not attached to sensual objects (as mind).
    -विषाण a. destitute of horns.
    -विहार a. having no pleasure.
    -वीज, -बीज a.
    1 seedless.
    -2 impotent.
    -3 causeless.
    -वीर a.
    1 deprived of heroes; निर्वीरमुर्वीतलम् P. R.1.31.
    -2 cowardly.
    -वीरा a woman whose husband and children are dead.
    -वीर्य a. powerless, feeble, unmanly, impotent; निर्वीर्यं गुरुशापभाषितवशात् किं मे तवेवायुधम् Ve.3.34.
    -वीरुध, -वृक्ष a. treeless.
    -वृत्ति f. accomplishment, achievement; अत आसां निर्वृत्त्या अपवर्गः स्यात् । आतण्डुलनिर्वृत्तेः आ च पिष्टनिर्वृत्तेरभ्यास इति ॥ ŚB. on MS.11.1.27. -a. having no occupation, destitute. See निर्वृति.
    -वृष a. depriv- ed of bulls.
    -वेग a. not moving, quiet, calm.
    -वेतन a honorary, unsalaried.
    -वेद a. not acknowledging the Vedas, an atheist, infidel.
    -वेष्टनम् a. a weaver's shuttle.
    -वैर a. free from enmity, amicable, peaceable. (
    -रम्) absence of enmity.
    -वैलक्ष्य a. shameless.
    -व्यञ्जन a.
    1 straight-forward.
    -2 without condiment. (
    -नम् ind.) plainly, in a straight-forward or honest manner.
    -व्यथ, -न a.
    1 free from pain.
    -2 quiet, calm.
    -व्यथनम् a hole; छिद्रं निर्व्यथनम् Ak.
    -व्यपेक्ष a. indifferent to, regardless of; मृग्यश्च दर्भाङ्कुरनिर्व्यपेक्षास्तवागतिज्ञं समबोधयन् माम् R.13.25;14.39.
    -व्यलीक a.
    1 not hurting or offending.
    -2 without pain.
    -3 pleased, doing anything willingly.
    -4 sincere, genuine, undissembling.
    -व्यवधान a. (ground) uncovered, bare.
    -व्यवश्थ a. moving hither and thither.
    -व्यसन a. free from bad inclination.
    -व्याकुल a. calm.
    -व्याघ्र a. not haunted or infested by tigers.
    -व्याज a.
    1 candid, upright, honest, plain.
    -2 without fraud, true, genuine.
    -3 got by heroism or daring deeds (not by fraud or cowardly conduct); अशस्त्रपूतनिर्व्याजम् (महामांसम्) Māl.5.12. (v. l.)
    -4 not hypocritical; धर्मस्य निर्व्याजता (विभूषणम्) Bh.2.82. (
    -जम् ind.) plainly, honestly, candidly; निर्व्याजमालिङ्गितः Amaru.85.
    -व्याजीकृत a. made plain, freed from deceit.
    -व्यापार a.
    1 without employment or business, free from occupation; तं दधन्मैथिलीकण्ठनिर्व्यापारेण बाहुना R.15.56.
    -2 motionless; U.6.
    -व्यावृत्ति a. not invol- ving any return (to worldly existence).
    -व्रण a.
    1 un- hurt, without wounds.
    -2 without rents.
    -व्रत a. not observing vows.
    -व्रीड a. shameless, impudent.
    -हिमम् cessation of winter.
    -हेति a. weaponless.
    -हेतु a. cause- less, having no cause or reason.
    -ह्रीक a.
    1 shameless, impudent.
    -2 bold, daring.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > निर् _nir

  • 20 vez

    f.
    1 time.
    de vez en cuando from time to time, now and again
    vete de una vez just go, for heaven's sake
    en vez de instead of
    érase una vez once upon a time
    muchas veces often, a lot
    otra vez again
    pocas veces, rara vez rarely, seldom
    por última/enésima vez for the last/umpteenth time
    tal vez perhaps, maybe
    una vez más once again
    una vez que once, after
    una y otra vez time and again
    una vez once
    ¿te acuerdas de una vez (en) que fuimos a pescar? do you remember that time we went fishing?
    dos veces twice
    tres veces three times
    ¿has estado allí alguna vez? have you ever been there?
    a mi/tu/etc vez in my/your/etc turn
    a la vez (que) at the same time (as)
    alguna que otra vez occasionally
    a veces, algunas veces sometimes, at times
    cada vez (que) every time
    cada vez más more and more
    resulta cada vez más difícil it's getting harder and harder
    cada vez menos less and less
    cada vez la veo más feliz she seems happier and happier
    de una vez in one go
    de una vez para siempre o por todas once and for all
    2 turn (turno).
    ¿quién lleva o da la vez? who's the last in the queue o (British) line? (United States)
    voy a pedir la vez I'm going to ask who's last
    * * *
    1 time
    2 (turno) turn; (ocasión) occasion
    \
    a la vez at the same time, at once
    a su vez in turn
    a veces sometimes
    alguna que otra vez on the odd occasion
    alguna vez sometimes 2 (en pregunta) ever
    ¿has estado alguna vez allí? have you ever been there?
    algunas veces sometimes
    cada vez every time, each time
    cada vez más more and more, increasingly
    cada vez peor worse and worse
    de una vez (de un acto) in one go 2 (definitivamente) once and for all
    ¡acabémoslo de una vez! let's get it over with!
    de una vez para siempre once and for all
    de vez en cuando from time to time, now and again, every now and then, every so often
    en vez de instead of
    érase una vez... / había una vez... (en cuentos) once upon a time...
    otra vez again
    tócala otra vez, Sam play it again, Sam
    perder la vez to lose one's turn
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) time
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=ocasión) time

    por esta vez — this time, this once

    a la vez, hablaban todos a la vez — they were all talking at once o at the same time

    canta a la vez que toca — she sings and plays at the same time, she sings while she plays

    ¿has estado alguna vez en...? — have you ever been to...?

    alguna que otra vez — occasionally, now and again

    las más de las veces — mostly, in most cases

    por primera vez — for the first time

    toda vez que... — since..., given that...

    por última vez — for the last time

    ¿cuándo lo viste por última vez? — when was the last time you saw him?, when did you see him last?

    tal 3., 3)

    ¿cuántas veces al año? — how many times a year?

    es cinco veces más caro — it's five times more expensive, it costs five times as much

    a veces, [algunas] veces — sometimes, at times

    contadas veces — seldom

    de vez en cuando — now and again, from time to time, occasionally

    ¿ cuántas veces? — how often?, how many times?

    dos veces — twice

    en... veces, se fríen las patatas en dos veces — fry the potatoes in two batches

    por enésima vez — for the umpteenth time *

    muchas veces — often

    otra vez — again

    pocas veces — seldom, rarely

    rara vez, [raras] veces — seldom, rarely

    repetidas veces — again and again, over and over again

    una vez — once

    una vez dice que sí y otra que no — first he says yes and then he says no, one time he says yes, the next he says no

    érase o había una vez una princesa... — once upon a time there was a princess...

    "una vez al año no hace daño" — once in a while can't hurt

    varias veces — several times

    cada 2)

    de una vez — (=en una sola ocasión) in one go; (=definitivamente) once and for all *

    ¡acabemos de una vez! — let's get it over with (once and for all)! *

    ¡cállate de una vez! — for the last time, shut up! *

    ¡dilo de una vez! — just say it!

    en vez de — instead of

    hacer las veces de — to serve as

    una vez queonce

    una vez que me lo dijo se fue — once he had told me, he left

    una vez que se hayan marchado todos me iré yo — once they've all left, I'll go too

    de una vez para siempre, de una vez por [todas] — once and for all *, for good

    4) (=turno) turn, go

    ceder la vez — (gen) to give up one's turn; (en cola) to give up one's place

    pedir la vez — to ask who's last in the queue

    quitar la vez a algn — to push in in front of sb

    5) (Mat)
    * * *
    1) ( ocasión) time

    una vez/dos veces — once/twice

    una vez por semana/año — once a week/year

    me acuerdo de una/aquella vez cuando... — I remember once/that time when...

    la última/primera vez que lo vi — the last/first time I saw him

    mil veces or miles de veces — a thousand times o thousands of times

    ¿te has arrepentido alguna vez? — have you ever regretted it?

    la de veces or las veces que se lo dije! — the (number of) times I told him!

    érase or había una vez — (liter) once upon a time (liter)

    ¿por qué no lo dejamos para otra vez? — why don't we leave it for another time o day?

    repetidas veces — again and again, time and again

    a mi/tu/su vez — for my/your/his part

    ... quien a su vez depende del director —... who in turn reports to the director

    cada vezevery o each time

    de una vez — ( expresando impaciencia) once and for all; ( simultáneamente) in one go

    de vez en cuando — from time to time, every now and then

    rara vez — seldom, hardly ever

    una vez que hayan terminadoonce o when you have finished

    hacer las veces de algocaja/libro to serve as something; persona to act as something

    3) (Mat)
    4) (Esp) ( turno en una cola)

    ¿quién tiene or me da la vez? — who's last?

    * * *
    = turn, moment.
    Ex. In particular note, for example by ticking them, those terms that merit a turn in the lead position, and those that do not.
    Ex. There were moments when he could be almost affectionate, moments when his thoughts did not seem to be turned inward upon his own anxious solicitudes.
    ----
    * a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.
    * a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.
    * alguna que otra vez = from time to time, every once in a while, occasional, every now and then, every now and again.
    * algunas veces = sometimes, from time to time, occasionally.
    * alguna vez = ever, on any one occasion.
    * aparecer por primera vez = premiere.
    * a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.
    * a veces = at times, sometimes, at various times, from time to time, on occasion(s).
    * a veces las cosas salen mal = shit happens.
    * a veces sales jodido = shit happens.
    * búsqueda de varios ficheros a la vez = multi-file searching.
    * cada vez = at a time, each time, every time [everytime].
    * cada vez en mayor grado = ever-increasing.
    * cada vez más = ever-growing, ever-increasing, increasingly, more and more, progressively, ever more, mushrooming, ever greater, in increasing numbers, increasing.
    * cada vez más abultado = swelling.
    * cada vez más + Adjetivo = ever + Adjetivo Comparativo.
    * cada vez más alto = constantly rising, steadily rising, steadily growing.
    * cada vez más amplio = ever-widening.
    * cada vez más extendido = spreading.
    * cada vez más fácil = ever easier.
    * cada vez más lejos = further and further.
    * cada vez más rápido = ever faster.
    * cada vez más restringido = tightening.
    * cada vez más tenue = fading.
    * cada vez más viejo = aging [ageing].
    * cada vez mayor = escalating, ever-growing, ever-increasing, expanded, growing, increasing, mounting, rising, spiralling [spiraling, -USA], rapidly growing, expanding, constantly rising, ever larger [ever-larger], galloping, steadily rising, steadily growing, mushrooming, ever greater, rapidly expanding, deepening, swelling, ever-widening, burgeoning, heightening.
    * cada vez mejor = from strength to strength.
    * cada vez menor = decreasing, dwindling, diminishing, waning, declining, falling, shrinking, receding, sinking, ebbing, descending.
    * cada vez menos = less and less.
    * cada vez mucho mayor = exploding, fast-increasing.
    * cada vez peor = worsening.
    * cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.
    * cien veces = hundred-fold.
    * cuantas veces se quiera = any number of times.
    * de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.
    * demanda cada vez menor = falling demand.
    * demandar cada vez más enérgicamente = build + pressure.
    * demasiadas veces = one too many times.
    * desajuste cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.
    * desajuste cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.
    * de una sola vez = once-only, at one pull, at one whack, in one shot, in one lump, in one action, in one go, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop.
    * de una vez = at one blow, at one time, in one action, in one step, in a single step, at one whack, in a single phase, in one shot, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop.
    * de una vez por todas = once and for all, once for all.
    * de vez en cuando = from time to time, now and then, now and again, once in a while, every once in a while, at various times, occasionally, off and on, on and off, occasional, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.
    * diez veces = tenfold.
    * diferencia cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.
    * diferencia cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and.
    * distanciamiento cada vez mayor entre... y = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.
    * dos veces = doubly, twice.
    * dos veces al año = twice yearly [twice-yearly], semiannual [semi-annual].
    * dos veces a la semana = twice-weekly, biweekly [bi-weekly], twice a week.
    * editar varias veces = go into + a number of editions.
    * en la mayoría de las veces = in most cases, mostly.
    * entrada de datos sólo una vez = one-time entry.
    * en un número cada vez mayor = in increasing numbers.
    * en vez de = in place of, instead of, rather than, in lieu of.
    * esta vez = this time around/round, this time.
    * ganar cada vez más importancia = grow from + strength to strength.
    * ganarle la vez a = outdo, trump.
    * guardar Algo para otra vez = save for + a rainy day.
    * hacerse cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.
    * importancia cada vez mayor = growing importance, growing significance.
    * interés cada vez mayor = growing interest.
    * ir cada vez mejor = go from + strength to strength, go from + strength to strength, go + great guns.
    * la mayoría de las veces = most of the time, more often than not.
    * la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.
    * la primera vez = the first time around.
    * las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.
    * la segunda vez = the second time around.
    * la última vez = last time.
    * la última vez que = the last time.
    * más de una vez = more than once.
    * mostrar por primera vez = premiere.
    * muchas veces = multiple times.
    * muy rara vez = all too seldom, all too seldom, once in a blue moon.
    * ni siquiera una vez = not once (did).
    * ni una sola vez = not once (did).
    * Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.
    * Número + veces más = Número + times as many.
    * Número + veces más de = Número + times the number of.
    * ocurrir todo a la vez = happen + all at once.
    * Ordinal + vez = Ordinal + time around/round.
    * otra vez = again, once again, once more, redux.
    * pagar dos veces = double-pay.
    * pensárselo dos veces = think + twice.
    * pero a la vez = but then again.
    * población cada vez más envejecida = greying population [graying population].
    * popularidad cada vez mayor = growing popularity.
    * por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.
    * por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.
    * por última vez = for the last time, one last time.
    * pospuesto una y otra vez = ever-postponed.
    * práctica cada vez más frecuente = growing practice.
    * preocupación cada vez mayor (por) = growing concern (about).
    * presupuesto cada vez más pequeño = shrinking budget.
    * presupuesto cada vez menor = shrinking budget.
    * primera vez, la = first time, the.
    * problema cada vez mayor = growing problem.
    * problemas cada vez mayores = mounting problems.
    * próxima vez, la = next time.
    * pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.
    * que se repite una y otra vez = recurring.
    * que sucede sólo una vez = one-off.
    * que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.
    * rara vez = infrequently, rarely, seldom, uncommonly, on rare occasions.
    * repetidas veces = repeatedly, time after time, time and again, time and time again.
    * separación cada vez mayor entre... y = widening gap between... and.
    * ser cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.
    * si alguna vez lo fue = if it ever was.
    * si es que sucede alguna vez = if ever.
    * sin pensárselo dos veces = without a second thought, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, at the drop of a hat.
    * sólo se vive una vez = you only live once.
    * todo a la vez = all at once.
    * todo de una vez = in one lump.
    * tres veces = thrice, three times.
    * una necesidad cada vez mayor = a growing need.
    * una primera y última vez = a first and last time.
    * una segunda vez = a second time around, a second time.
    * una última vez = one last time.
    * una vez = once, one time.
    * una vez al año = annually, once a year.
    * una vez a la semana = once a week.
    * una vez al mes = once a month.
    * una vez cada dos semanas = once a fortnight.
    * una vez cada quincena = once a fortnight.
    * una vez cumplimentado = completed.
    * una vez en la vida = once in a lifetime.
    * una vez en + Posesivo + vida = once in + Posesivo + lifetime.
    * una vez más = again, yet again.
    * una vez + Participio = upon + Nombre.
    * una vez + Participio Pasado = having + Participio Pasado, having + just + Participio Pasado.
    * una vez + Participio Pasado + Nombre = with + Nombre + Participio Pasado.
    * una vez que = when.
    * una vez que + Frase = once + Frase.
    * una vez quincenalmente = once a fortnight.
    * una vez relleno = completed.
    * una y otra vez = over and over, repeatedly, repetitively, time after time, time and time again, again and again, time and again, over and over again.
    * un conjunto cada vez mayor de = a growing body of, a growing body of.
    * un grupo cada vez mayor de = a growing body of, a growing body of.
    * un número cada vez mayor = growing numbers.
    * un número cada vez mayor de = a growing number of, a growing body of.
    * variar de una vez a otra = vary + from time to time.
    * veinte veces = twenty-fold.
    * verificar dos veces = double-check [doublecheck].
    * y a la vez = cum, yet.
    * * *
    1) ( ocasión) time

    una vez/dos veces — once/twice

    una vez por semana/año — once a week/year

    me acuerdo de una/aquella vez cuando... — I remember once/that time when...

    la última/primera vez que lo vi — the last/first time I saw him

    mil veces or miles de veces — a thousand times o thousands of times

    ¿te has arrepentido alguna vez? — have you ever regretted it?

    la de veces or las veces que se lo dije! — the (number of) times I told him!

    érase or había una vez — (liter) once upon a time (liter)

    ¿por qué no lo dejamos para otra vez? — why don't we leave it for another time o day?

    repetidas veces — again and again, time and again

    a mi/tu/su vez — for my/your/his part

    ... quien a su vez depende del director —... who in turn reports to the director

    cada vezevery o each time

    de una vez — ( expresando impaciencia) once and for all; ( simultáneamente) in one go

    de vez en cuando — from time to time, every now and then

    rara vez — seldom, hardly ever

    una vez que hayan terminadoonce o when you have finished

    hacer las veces de algocaja/libro to serve as something; persona to act as something

    3) (Mat)
    4) (Esp) ( turno en una cola)

    ¿quién tiene or me da la vez? — who's last?

    * * *
    = turn, moment.

    Ex: In particular note, for example by ticking them, those terms that merit a turn in the lead position, and those that do not.

    Ex: There were moments when he could be almost affectionate, moments when his thoughts did not seem to be turned inward upon his own anxious solicitudes.
    * a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.
    * a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.
    * alguna que otra vez = from time to time, every once in a while, occasional, every now and then, every now and again.
    * algunas veces = sometimes, from time to time, occasionally.
    * alguna vez = ever, on any one occasion.
    * aparecer por primera vez = premiere.
    * a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.
    * a veces = at times, sometimes, at various times, from time to time, on occasion(s).
    * a veces las cosas salen mal = shit happens.
    * a veces sales jodido = shit happens.
    * búsqueda de varios ficheros a la vez = multi-file searching.
    * cada vez = at a time, each time, every time [everytime].
    * cada vez en mayor grado = ever-increasing.
    * cada vez más = ever-growing, ever-increasing, increasingly, more and more, progressively, ever more, mushrooming, ever greater, in increasing numbers, increasing.
    * cada vez más abultado = swelling.
    * cada vez más + Adjetivo = ever + Adjetivo Comparativo.
    * cada vez más alto = constantly rising, steadily rising, steadily growing.
    * cada vez más amplio = ever-widening.
    * cada vez más extendido = spreading.
    * cada vez más fácil = ever easier.
    * cada vez más lejos = further and further.
    * cada vez más rápido = ever faster.
    * cada vez más restringido = tightening.
    * cada vez más tenue = fading.
    * cada vez más viejo = aging [ageing].
    * cada vez mayor = escalating, ever-growing, ever-increasing, expanded, growing, increasing, mounting, rising, spiralling [spiraling, -USA], rapidly growing, expanding, constantly rising, ever larger [ever-larger], galloping, steadily rising, steadily growing, mushrooming, ever greater, rapidly expanding, deepening, swelling, ever-widening, burgeoning, heightening.
    * cada vez mejor = from strength to strength.
    * cada vez menor = decreasing, dwindling, diminishing, waning, declining, falling, shrinking, receding, sinking, ebbing, descending.
    * cada vez menos = less and less.
    * cada vez mucho mayor = exploding, fast-increasing.
    * cada vez peor = worsening.
    * cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.
    * cien veces = hundred-fold.
    * cuantas veces se quiera = any number of times.
    * de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.
    * demanda cada vez menor = falling demand.
    * demandar cada vez más enérgicamente = build + pressure.
    * demasiadas veces = one too many times.
    * desajuste cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.
    * desajuste cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.
    * de una sola vez = once-only, at one pull, at one whack, in one shot, in one lump, in one action, in one go, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop.
    * de una vez = at one blow, at one time, in one action, in one step, in a single step, at one whack, in a single phase, in one shot, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop.
    * de una vez por todas = once and for all, once for all.
    * de vez en cuando = from time to time, now and then, now and again, once in a while, every once in a while, at various times, occasionally, off and on, on and off, occasional, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.
    * diez veces = tenfold.
    * diferencia cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.
    * diferencia cada vez menor entre... y = narrowing gap between... and.
    * distanciamiento cada vez mayor entre... y = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.
    * dos veces = doubly, twice.
    * dos veces al año = twice yearly [twice-yearly], semiannual [semi-annual].
    * dos veces a la semana = twice-weekly, biweekly [bi-weekly], twice a week.
    * editar varias veces = go into + a number of editions.
    * en la mayoría de las veces = in most cases, mostly.
    * entrada de datos sólo una vez = one-time entry.
    * en un número cada vez mayor = in increasing numbers.
    * en vez de = in place of, instead of, rather than, in lieu of.
    * esta vez = this time around/round, this time.
    * ganar cada vez más importancia = grow from + strength to strength.
    * ganarle la vez a = outdo, trump.
    * guardar Algo para otra vez = save for + a rainy day.
    * hacerse cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.
    * importancia cada vez mayor = growing importance, growing significance.
    * interés cada vez mayor = growing interest.
    * ir cada vez mejor = go from + strength to strength, go from + strength to strength, go + great guns.
    * la mayoría de las veces = most of the time, more often than not.
    * la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.
    * la primera vez = the first time around.
    * las cosas sólo pasan una vez = lightning never strikes twice.
    * la segunda vez = the second time around.
    * la última vez = last time.
    * la última vez que = the last time.
    * más de una vez = more than once.
    * mostrar por primera vez = premiere.
    * muchas veces = multiple times.
    * muy rara vez = all too seldom, all too seldom, once in a blue moon.
    * ni siquiera una vez = not once (did).
    * ni una sola vez = not once (did).
    * Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.
    * Número + veces más = Número + times as many.
    * Número + veces más de = Número + times the number of.
    * ocurrir todo a la vez = happen + all at once.
    * Ordinal + vez = Ordinal + time around/round.
    * otra vez = again, once again, once more, redux.
    * pagar dos veces = double-pay.
    * pensárselo dos veces = think + twice.
    * pero a la vez = but then again.
    * población cada vez más envejecida = greying population [graying population].
    * popularidad cada vez mayor = growing popularity.
    * por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.
    * por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.
    * por última vez = for the last time, one last time.
    * pospuesto una y otra vez = ever-postponed.
    * práctica cada vez más frecuente = growing practice.
    * preocupación cada vez mayor (por) = growing concern (about).
    * presupuesto cada vez más pequeño = shrinking budget.
    * presupuesto cada vez menor = shrinking budget.
    * primera vez, la = first time, the.
    * problema cada vez mayor = growing problem.
    * problemas cada vez mayores = mounting problems.
    * próxima vez, la = next time.
    * pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.
    * que se repite una y otra vez = recurring.
    * que sucede sólo una vez = one-off.
    * que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.
    * rara vez = infrequently, rarely, seldom, uncommonly, on rare occasions.
    * repetidas veces = repeatedly, time after time, time and again, time and time again.
    * separación cada vez mayor entre... y = widening gap between... and.
    * ser cada vez más importante = increase in + importance.
    * si alguna vez lo fue = if it ever was.
    * si es que sucede alguna vez = if ever.
    * sin pensárselo dos veces = without a second thought, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, at the drop of a hat.
    * sólo se vive una vez = you only live once.
    * todo a la vez = all at once.
    * todo de una vez = in one lump.
    * tres veces = thrice, three times.
    * una necesidad cada vez mayor = a growing need.
    * una primera y última vez = a first and last time.
    * una segunda vez = a second time around, a second time.
    * una última vez = one last time.
    * una vez = once, one time.
    * una vez al año = annually, once a year.
    * una vez a la semana = once a week.
    * una vez al mes = once a month.
    * una vez cada dos semanas = once a fortnight.
    * una vez cada quincena = once a fortnight.
    * una vez cumplimentado = completed.
    * una vez en la vida = once in a lifetime.
    * una vez en + Posesivo + vida = once in + Posesivo + lifetime.
    * una vez más = again, yet again.
    * una vez + Participio = upon + Nombre.
    * una vez + Participio Pasado = having + Participio Pasado, having + just + Participio Pasado.
    * una vez + Participio Pasado + Nombre = with + Nombre + Participio Pasado.
    * una vez que = when.
    * una vez que + Frase = once + Frase.
    * una vez quincenalmente = once a fortnight.
    * una vez relleno = completed.
    * una y otra vez = over and over, repeatedly, repetitively, time after time, time and time again, again and again, time and again, over and over again.
    * un conjunto cada vez mayor de = a growing body of, a growing body of.
    * un grupo cada vez mayor de = a growing body of, a growing body of.
    * un número cada vez mayor = growing numbers.
    * un número cada vez mayor de = a growing number of, a growing body of.
    * variar de una vez a otra = vary + from time to time.
    * veinte veces = twenty-fold.
    * verificar dos veces = double-check [doublecheck].
    * y a la vez = cum, yet.

    * * *
    A (ocasión) time
    lo leí una vez/dos veces/tres veces I read it once/twice/three times
    una vez por semana/año once a week/year
    me acuerdo de una/aquella vez cuando … I remember once/that time when …
    es la última vez que te lo pido I'm not going to ask you again
    ésa fue la última vez que lo vi that was the last time I saw him
    se lo he dicho mil veces or miles de veces I've told him a thousand times o thousands of times
    alguna vez me he sentido tentada there have been times o there has been the odd time when I've been tempted
    algunas veces me dan ganas de dejarlo at times o sometimes I feel like leaving him, there are times when I feel like leaving him
    ¿alguna vez te has arrepentido? have you ever regretted it?
    ¡la de veces or las veces que le dije que no lo hiciera! the (number of) times I told him not to do it!
    érase or había una vez ( liter); once upon a time ( liter)
    por primera vez for the first time
    no es la primera vez que sucede it's not the first time it's happened
    ¡cuéntamelo otra vez! tell me again!
    ¿por qué no lo dejamos para otra vez? why don't we leave it for another time o day?
    me lo he preguntado repetidas veces I've asked myself again and again o time and again
    por enésima vez for the umpteenth time
    por esta vez pase we'll forget it this time
    la próxima vez lo haces tú next time you can do it
    no nos tocó nada — bueno, otra vez será … we didn't get anything — never mind, maybe next time o there's always next time
    una vez más se salió con la suya once again she got her own way
    agradeciéndole una vez más su cooperación ( Corresp) thanking you once again o once more for your cooperation
    las más de las veces llega tarde he's late more often than not
    B ( en locs):
    a la vez at the same time
    todos hablaban a la vez they were all talking at once o at the same time
    a mi/tu/su vez for my/your/his part
    el gobernador, a su vez, agregó que … the governor, for his part, added that …
    luego hay un jefe de sección que a su vez depende del director de ventas then there's a head of department who in turn reports to the sales director
    a veces sometimes
    a veces me pregunto si no tendrá razón sometimes I wonder o there are times when I wonder if she might be right
    cada vez: cada vez que viene nos peleamos every time o whenever he comes we fight, we always fight when he comes
    este método se está utilizando cada vez más this method is being used increasingly o more and more
    lo encuentro cada vez más viejo he looks older every time I see him
    se nota cada vez menos it's becoming less and less noticeable
    cada vez es más difícil encontrar trabajo it's getting more and more difficult o it's getting increasingly difficult to find work
    ¡a ver si se callan de una vez! once and for all, will you be quiet!
    a ver si solucionamos este problema de una vez (por todas) let's see if we can solve this problem once and for all
    apagó todas las velas de una vez she blew out all the candles in one go
    de vez en cuando from time to time, now and again, every now and then
    en vez de instead of
    en vez de ayudar molesta instead of helping he gets in the way
    rara vez rarely, seldom, hardly ever
    rara vez se equivoca she hardly ever o seldom o rarely makes a mistake
    una vez once
    una vez transcurridos dos años once two years have passed, after two years
    una vez frío, cubrir con mayonesa once o when cool, cover with mayonnaise
    una vez que hayan terminado se pueden retirar once o when you have finished you may leave
    hacer las veces de algo «caja/libro» to serve as sth;
    «persona» to act as sth
    una vez al año no hace daño once in a while doesn't do any harm
    tal3 adv B. (↑ tal (3))
    C ( Mat):
    cabe una vez y sobran dos it goes once and two left over
    diez veces más grande que la nuestra ten times bigger than ours
    D
    ( Esp) (turno en una cola): ¿quién tiene or me da la vez? who's last in line ( AmE) o ( BrE) in the queue?
    hay que pedir la vez you have to ask who's last
    * * *

     

    vez sustantivo femenino
    1 ( ocasión) time;
    una vez/dos veces once/twice;

    una vez por semana once a week;
    me acuerdo de una/aquella vez cuando … I remember once/that time when …;
    la última vez que lo vi the last time I saw him;
    mil veces or miles de veces a thousand times, thousands of times;
    algunas veces sometimes;
    ¿te has arrepentido alguna vez? have you ever regretted it?;
    érase una vez (liter) once upon a time (liter);
    por primera vez for the first time;
    otra vez again;
    déjalo para otra vez leave it for another time o day;
    otra vez será maybe next time;
    una vez más once again
    2 ( en locs)

    a veces sometimes;
    cada vez every o each time;
    cada vez más more and more;
    lo encuentro cada vez más viejo he looks older every time I see him;
    cada vez menos less and less;
    de una vez ( expresando impaciencia) once and for all;

    ( simultáneamente) in one go;

    en vez de instead of;
    rara vez seldom, hardly ever;
    una vez once;
    una vez que hayas terminado once o when you have finished
    3 (Esp) ( turno en una cola): ¿quién tiene or me da la vez? who's last?;

    vez f (pl veces)
    1 (ocasión, tiempo en que sucede algo) time
    una vez, once
    dos veces, twice
    tres veces seguidas, three times running
    a veces/algunas veces, sometimes ➣ Ver nota en sometimes; a la vez, at the same time
    cada vez, every o each time
    cada vez más/cada vez menos, more and more/less and less
    de vez en cuando/de vez en vez/alguna que otra vez, from time to time o every now and then
    de una vez, (sin interrupción) in one go
    (expresando impaciencia) ¡terminemos de una vez!, let's have done with it!
    de una vez por todas/de una vez para siempre, once and for all
    en vez de, instead of
    otra vez, again
    otra vez será, maybe next time
    rara vez, seldom, rarely
    te lo he dicho repetidas veces, I've told you time after time
    una y otra vez, time and (time) again
    érase o había una vez..., once upon a time there was...
    tal vez, perhaps, maybe ➣ Ver nota en maybe 2 Mat 4 veces 6, 4 times 6
    3 (funcionar como algo) hacer las veces de, to act as, serve as
    4 (turno en una cola, etc) turn
    ' vez' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - alguna
    - alguno
    - asomar
    - cada
    - conocer
    - contigo
    - cuando
    - definitivamente
    - dejarse
    - día
    - enésima
    - enésimo
    - escachifollarse
    - excusa
    - gallina
    - haber
    - historiada
    - historiado
    - jamás
    - jurarse
    - más
    - menos
    - mientras
    - ni
    - par
    - para
    - pegarse
    - poltrona
    - repetirse
    - reventa
    - sobria
    - sobrio
    - sola
    - solo
    - solventar
    - tabla
    - tacada
    - tal
    - año
    - aplazamiento
    - aplazar
    - bueno
    - callar
    - estrenar
    - finalizar
    - golpe
    - intentar
    - mejor
    - mes
    English:
    A
    - again
    - agent
    - amazing
    - and
    - anew
    - annoy
    - be
    - better
    - busy signal
    - butt in
    - card
    - circle
    - clean
    - clog up
    - consider
    - day
    - deserve
    - dig out
    - do
    - downhill
    - each
    - elapse
    - election
    - ever
    - every
    - expect
    - first
    - first-time
    - flower
    - for
    - goings-on
    - goof
    - growing
    - herself
    - himself
    - hundredth
    - increasingly
    - instead
    - last
    - less
    - lieu
    - lifetime
    - maybe
    - misspell
    - monthly
    - more
    - neither
    - never
    - next
    * * *
    vez nf
    1. [ocasión] time;
    ¿te acuerdas de una vez (en) que fuimos a pescar? do you remember that time we went fishing?;
    ¿has estado allí alguna vez? have you ever been there?;
    hay veces (en) que es mejor callarse there are times when o sometimes it's better to keep quiet;
    a mi/tu/su vez: él a su vez se lo dijo a su mujer he, in turn, told his wife;
    yo a mi vez haré lo que pueda I, for my part, will do whatever I can;
    a la vez at the same time;
    a la vez podríamos hacer la compra we could do the shopping at the same time;
    así a la vez que leo, estudio this way, while I'm reading, I'm also studying;
    de una (sola) vez in one go;
    de una vez (para siempre o [m5] por todas) once and for all;
    ¡cállate de una vez! why don't you just shut up!;
    vete de una vez just go, for heaven's sake;
    érase una vez once upon a time;
    ha llamado otra vez she called again;
    déjalo para otra vez leave it for another time;
    otra vez será maybe next time;
    por enésima vez for the umpteenth time;
    por esta vez pase I'll let you off this time o just this once;
    por primera vez, por vez primera for the first time;
    por última vez for the last time;
    Formal
    toda vez que since;
    una vez más once again;
    una vez que hayas terminado once you've finished;
    una vez dorada la carne…, una vez que la carne está dorada… once the meat is golden brown…
    2. [para expresar frecuencia]
    una vez once;
    una vez al día/mes once a day/month;
    dos veces twice;
    tres veces three times;
    te lo he dicho muchas/mil veces I've told you many/a thousand times;
    alguna que otra vez occasionally;
    a veces, algunas veces sometimes, at times;
    cada vez every time;
    cada vez que lo veo every time (that) I see him;
    cada vez más more and more;
    cada vez menos less and less;
    cada vez la veo más/menos feliz she seems happier and happier/less and less happy;
    resulta cada vez más difícil it's getting harder and harder;
    de vez en cuando from time to time, now and again;
    muy de vez en cuando very occasionally;
    muchas veces [con frecuencia] often;
    pocas veces rarely, seldom;
    rara vez rarely, seldom;
    repetidas veces repeatedly, time and again;
    una y otra vez time and again
    3. [substitución]
    en vez de instead of;
    en vez de trabajar tanto deberías salir un poco más you should go out more instead of working so hard;
    hacer las veces de [persona] to act as;
    [objeto, aparato, mueble] to serve as
    4. [en multiplicaciones, divisiones] time;
    es tres veces mayor it's three times as big;
    estas pilas producen diez veces más energía que las normales these batteries produce ten times as much energy as ordinary ones
    5. [turno] turn;
    ¿quién da o [m5] lleva la vez? who's the last in the Br queue o US line?;
    voy a pedir la vez I'm going to ask who's last
    * * *
    f
    1 time;
    a la vez at the same time;
    ¿cuántas veces? how many times?, how often?;
    esta vez this time;
    la otra vez the other time;
    otra vez será some other time;
    cada vez que every time that;
    de vez en cuando from time to time;
    otra vez again;
    una vez once;
    érase una vez once upon a time, there was;
    una vez no cuenta just once doesn’t count o matter;
    una vez más once again;
    una vez que hayamos llegado … once we’ve arrived …;
    de una vez para siempre once and for all;
    una y otra vez time and time again;
    a veces sometimes;
    ninguna vez never;
    rara vez seldom, rarely;
    tantas veces so many times, so often;
    varias veces several times;
    de una sola vez in just one shot;
    por primera vez for the first time;
    2 ( turno)
    :
    es mi vez it’s my turn
    3
    :
    hacer las veces de de objeto serve as; de persona act as;
    tal vez perhaps, maybe;
    a su vez for his/her part;
    en vez de instead of
    * * *
    vez nf, pl veces
    1) : time, occasion
    a la vez: at the same time
    a veces: at times, occasionally
    de vez en cuando: from time to time
    2) (with numbers) : time
    una vez: once
    de una vez: all at once
    de una vez para siempre: once and for all
    dos veces: twice
    3) : turn
    a su vez: in turn
    en vez de: instead of
    hacer las veces de: to act as, to stand in for
    * * *
    vez n
    1. (en general) time
    2. (turno) turn
    a la vez at the same time / at once

    Spanish-English dictionary > vez

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